What You Should Do to Find Out About Purchase Essays Before Youre Left Behind

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Embryonic Stem Cell Research - in Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization and human embryonic stem cell research are two of the most popular and controversial topics that are being discussed today. Lee Silver, from the film defines in vitro fertilization as: [T]ak[ing] the process of reproduction out of the darkness of the womb, into the light of the laboratory. And all of the sudden you can do anything you want with these human embryos and eggs, which couldn t be done before (Holt). The real question regarding all of the varying opinions and controversy, is what is a human embryo, and what is human life? Other questions include the morality of embryonic stem cell research and is bearing children a right given to us by society? Further discussion of these question will entail why in†¦show more content†¦What consequences will this have on everyone involved? Everyone in the world will be involved if this actually happens. Defining what U.S. Americans feel a better baby is an irrelevant question. However is designing better babies, that will eventually age to adults any different than Nazi Germany killing people with undesirable traits? I feel that designing babies with certain desirable aspects is similar to killing people if they lack these traits. In conclusion, human embryonic research and in vitro fertilization are both ethically and morally wrong. The use of human life to conduct research in order to gain medical knowledge is an inhumane practice. Al so, no one has a guaranteed right to bear children, it is strictly a privilege. We should not go to extraordinary means to produce children who are genetically similar to their parents. This is especially selfish considering how many children are desperately waiting to be adopted by a caring family. Correcting this problem is a near impossible task. Even if embryonic stem cell research and in vitro fertilization were outlawed in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics of Stem Cell Research Essay741 Words   |  3 Pages Embryonic stem cell research can be easily defined. A stem is defined as something that is developed from. A cell is defined as a microscopic living organism. According to Dennis Hollinger, Embryonic stem cell research uses from the embryos inner cell mass that give rise to each of the human bodys many different tissue types(1). In our modern day society, stem cell research has become a controversial topic. Several people strongly oppose the idea of the research, but m any are struggling forRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research931 Words   |  4 Pages Embryonic stem cell research is the study of stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. For many years now, the ethics of embryonic stem cell research has been argued. A recent advance in this line of research is the ability to clone the embryonic stem cells, which allows for researchers to create a completely compatible embryonic stem cell to the individual’s tissue type. Though this new science may be very beneficial, not everyone can agree on the ethics ofRead MoreStem Cells And The Ethics Behind Their Use1606 Words   |  7 PagesStem Cells and the Ethics behind their Use Stem cells have the capability to become any type of cell. This process is possible because they are unspecialized and can divide to create new cells through cell division. Stem cells have the ability to become skin cells as well as organ cells (Stem Cell Information, 2015). There are two different types of stem cells which can be used in various ways. The first of the two is the embryonic stem cell which is found inside the embryo within its first few daysRead MoreThe Use Of Embryonic Stem Cells In Medicine1472 Words   |  6 Pagescure a disease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives that these stem cells are saving, what if research contin ues and these embryonic stem cells end up beingRead MoreFederal Funds Should Be Used for Embryonic Stem Cell Research1401 Words   |  6 Pages Are embryonic stem cells the cure to many of the human body’s ailments, including defective organs and crippling diseases, or is their use a blatant disregard of human rights and the value of life?   Thanks to the rapid advancements in this field, the potential benefits of stem cells are slowly becoming reality.   However, embryonic stem cell research is an extremely divisive topic in the United States thanks to the ethical issues surrounding terminating embryos to harvest the stem cells.   In responseRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagescure a disease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives these s tem cells are saving, what if research continues and these embryonic stem cells end up being aRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Can Save Lives Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesbiomedicine has been the research of embryonic stem cells. Stem cells are extremely fascinating to what they can do they have the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. In many tissues they serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing without limit to replace other cells as along as the person is still alive. When stem cells divide they could become specialized cells such as muscle cells, red blood cells, brain cells, and etc. their uniqueRead MorePersuasive Essay : Stem Cell Research1489 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Essay Stem Cell research and its funding have caused a lot of controversy throughout the past years. Stem cells are cells that are present in all living organisms. These cells have the potential to grow into any type of cell, including blood cells, nerves, muscles, and pancreatic cells. Stem cell research is essential because of the beneficial aspects it has to offer. Stem cells could potentially treat conditions such as Alzheimer s, Parkinson s, birth defects, strokes, Diabetes, cancerRead MoreA Moratorium On Federal Funding861 Words   |  4 PagesThe Department of Health and Human Services maintained a moratorium on federal funding for research on embryos and fetuses, as well as in vitro fertilization, until President Clinton issued an executive order lifting it in 1993 (Scott p.153). However, Congress banned federal funding for human embryo research by adding legislation known as the Dickey-Wicker Amendment to every appropriations bill for the National Institutes of Health since 1995, making it impossible for the President to overturn theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Stem Cell1482 Words   |  6 PagesEthic in Stem Cell We have an amazing items in our body called stem cells. Stem cells are cells that have the ability to transform into any type of tissue cell in the human body. After a sperm fertilizes an egg, the cell they form is known as a zygote or a totipotent cell. This cell goes through numerous mitotic divisions and after about four days forms a blastocyst. This blastocyst has an outer layer and an inner layer, part of which is hollow. The outer layer grows to form what will become the

Venture Projects Economics Finance Accounting †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Venture Projects Economics Finance Accounting? Answer: Introduction With the advent of science and technology there have been various venture projects that have been developing all over the globe in order to improve the economic and the operational structure of the world. It has been observed that there are various projects that have been constructed in order to build new buildings and artifacts that would enhance the lifestyle of the human beings living in this world(Schaper, 2016). This paper therefore is being constructed in order to undertake a fundamental analysis of on ongoing project that is functioning in Melbourne so that a clear idea about the background of the project along with its objectives can be understood. The assessment of the economic analysis and tools and techniques would even be discussed and the cost benefit analysis of the project can even be understood so that a clear cut idea about the project can be taken into consideration. This paper therefore has considered Ravenhall Prison Project that has been operating from the year 2014 and still continuing so that precise knowledge about project and the cost associated with it can be gained. Project Background The Ravenhall Prison Project is being constructed in order to provide a new medium-security prison facility in order to provide accommodations to around 1000 prisoners and this project has been predicted to be completed by the end of 2017. In the year 2014 on 15th September, the Victorian state made a contract with GEO consortium in order to build, finance, design, operate and maintain a new medium-security prison for men, which would be situated in Ravenhall, in the west of Melbourne(Treasury and Finance - Ravenhall Prison - Project Summary 2017). Ravenhall has been a key part of the prison expansion program of Victoria. The prison even has the ability to expand in future in order to accommodate around 1300 prisoners if deemed necessary. The new prison that is under construction would deliver the infrastructure and prison beds in order to aid in explaining for the correctional services that have been demanded in Victoria. The prison has been constructed on the existing Crown land at Ravenhall that is contiguous to the Metropolitan Remand Centre and the dame Phyllis Frost Centre. The land is specifically flat in nature and comprises of open paddocks that consists of vestige native grassland patches and few trees that are scattered. The required planning along with the cultural heritage and environmental approvals for this area are in place. This project has been a joint venture of the public private partnership in which the private sector is accountable for constructing, financing, operations, design and maintenance that are custodial in nature. This project would provide increased value for money with respect to the correctional services and even provide increased quality. GEO Consortium was appointed to deliver the project after the completion of a tender process and a contract was signed in the year 2014 in September. GEO Consortiu, consists of John Holland Group, Capella Capital, Honeywell and GEO Group Australia. The essential alliance partners are inclusive of the Gathering Place and Melbourne City Mission, Kangan Institute and YMCA who would deliver services and programs in both post-release and the prisoners under custody(Treasury and Finance - Ravenhall Prison - Project Summary 2017). The health services within the prison would be given by Correct Care Australasia and the forensic services of mental health at the prison would be given by Forensicare. Project Objectives and Justification The construction of the project has been undertaken in order to improve the safety of the society by humanely and securely preserving the prisoners and giving them with services and programs that have been constructed in order to decrease the extent of reoffending. This project reveals a key investment in the infrastructure and services of the prison with the help of which GEO Consortium would deliver an innovative facility that would perform a key role in the correctional system of management. This project would be influential for generating economic advantages as well as increasing employment with the establishment of 700 jobs during the period of peak construction and ongoing jobs that would be more than 600. The construction of the project would lead to development of new jobs in that area and thereby increasing the employment rate and in a way benefit the economy(Burchardt et al., 2016). The objectives of the project and the area of the focus has been explained as follows: Provide added capacity in the prison system of Victoria Provide added forensic metal health services to the prisoners Provide supplementary capability in order to lower the reoffending Encourage practices that are innovative in nature and effective operations that would assist the value for money The justification for the construction of the research project has been in order to secure and safeguard the communal harmony and to maintain the prisoners in the prison cell in an effective manner. The construction of a prison that would consist of various innovative amenities would boost the confidence of the prisoners and would help them in turning over a new leaf and start their life effectively(Gatti, 2013). The project construction is done in order to focus on various aspects like targeted approach for the prisoners who are having challenging behavior, indigenous prisoners and improved responsiveness towards the complexities of the young prisoners. Assumptions and Constraints The project has been constructed by depending on the financial capacity and the assumptions. The assumptions of the project include identifying the financial capability of the participants and the participating members in order to deliver the project within its completeness(Block et al., 2017). There are various constraints that are related to the project like the risks that are associated with the planning of the project and gathering approvals for the planning, risks in the site like the native titles and contamination of the sites, construction risks and the design risks in order to construct the prison project and lastly the operational and the financial risks that are associated with the completion of the prison project. Therefore, the risks are allocated and transferred effectively in order to reduce the level of risks and thereby helping in improving and smooth flow for the construction of the prison project. Literature Review The literature review would comprise of the various data and tools that have been used by the project on order to determine their operational activities and to undertake economic analysis and the cost benefit analysis of the Ravenhall Prison Project. This section of the paper would provide an extensive research and analysis of the cash flows, the present worth, internal rate of return along with the profitability index and business growth strategies and its best practices so that the project can be concluded precisely. The use of the MADM and MCDM financial analysis process would be influential for understanding the process that would be used in order to understand the current financial and economic position of the Ravenhall Prison Project. The project explains about the literature review and the explanation regarding the economic analysis and the cost benefit analysis of the Ravenhall Prison Project. A small overview of the risk evaluation model of Ravenhall Prison Project in Melbourne Victoria will be discussed in this section. The process of economic analysis are defined as the mathematical and statistics and graphics. The economic analysis is based on the various methods of the economic sensitivity and in order to make effective recognition of the similar input, it is essential to investigate two or more processes. Overview of Project Economical Analysis Techniques and Tools Australia is regarded as a vivacious free democracy of the market and there has been vibrant economic progress that has been possible due to absence of any sort of recessions. The effective process of the government has been beneficial for the economy and a free well-functioning legal system, bureaucracy has led to effective entrepreneurial enhancement. Australia is considered as an attractive and dynamic position for investment(Stiglitz, Rosengard 2015). In most of the scenarios, the government has decreased the investment and has influenced the private sector to undertake investments. This has been observed in the Ravenhall Prison Project where investments are undertaken mainly by the private sector. The country has been effectively competitive in the technological areas and services. The income tax rate is around 45% and the rate of corporate tax has been 30%. One of the optimistic parameters of project start up in Australia has been rate of start up being higher as they have the probability of contributing to the expansion. The new business ventures in Australia like the variations in funding sources and projects like the Ravenhall Prison Project tries to make use of the equity finance during the primary stages of the constructions. The country has been experiencing shocks and problems in the during the past few years but during the first quarter of 2017, the economy has recovered from this situation and this has led to rise in the confidence for the business and the consumers and this in way would have a positive impact on the investment of the business and spending of the investors. The Australian economy is considered to be within a solid base in spite of the various weaknesses in the investments that are non-mining in nature. With respect to Ravenhall prison project in Australia it has been observed that the project has been experienc ing growth and as this is an on-going process and this has led to rise in investments(Coates 2014). The Australian economy has remained very is strong in spite of the rise in the price of diesel and this has led to the fall in the disposable income for the consumers. The economy of the country has been developing with the rise in the rate of interest which is being used for reducing the rate of inflation. The growth of the economy has been possible as the government has been reducing the rate of taxation. This would encourage the investors of the project business to increase their investments in the Ravenhall Project Prison. This has led to the construction of the prison much more effectively. The analysis of the Ravenhall Prison has been possible by undertaking economic analysis like the construction of the variables that are available in the project and the identities, functions and the equations that have been seen in the project report of Ravenhall Prison Project. The economic assessment of the project has been possible by looking at the expenses and the total funding that has been undertaken for the completion of the project. The table below would provide an overview of the economic evaluation of the project. Particulars Amount Residual Value Non-Current Assets: Trademark 500000 0 Patent 750000 0 Property,Plant Equipment 15000000 4500000 Furniture Fittings 1000000 150000 Motor Vehicle 1500000 600000 Computer Equipment 1500000 0 Preliminary Expenses: Business Registration 100000 License Fees 150000 Deposit for Electricity 100000 100000 Deposit for Telephone Internet 50000 50000 Recruitment Cost 30000 Share Issuance Cost 35000 Bond Issuance Cost 20000 Other Miscellaneous Expenses 75000 Working Capital: Purchase of Raw Material 30000000 Wages Salaries 20000000 Manufacturing Overhead 13000000 Selling Marketing Expenses 690000 General Administrative Expenses 338250 64028250 TOTAL START UP COST 84838250 Capital Funding: Equity Capital 38177213 5 yrs. Bond 27996623 Loan From Bank 18664415 TOTAL CAPITAL EMPLOYED 84838250 The notice that has been allocated to each of the employees who are performing for the construction of the Ravenhall Prison Project has been given in the form of the table which provides a guideline of the process that would be utilized for the completion of the project within the scheduled time period. Assignment Start date Submission Duration Start up 15/09/2014 31/12/2017 3 years Activity 1- Researching the Australian markets and its economic scenario 20/09/2014 21/12/2014 3 months Activity 2- Financial evaluation of project 13/03/2015 31/12/2015 9 months Activity 3- Determining the financial viability of project by selecting the best alternative 31/03/2017 09/04/2017 2 weeks Equivalent Uniform Annual Cash Flow The equivalent uniform cash flow of Ravenhall Prison Project has comprises of the outflow and the inflow of the cash flow(Dopp et al., 2014). The cash flow from the operating expenses refers to the payments made to the suppliers, direct labor cost. The annual cash flow for the organization has been given below: Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Cash Flow from Operating Activities: Cash Sales $56,000,000 $61,418,000 $67,360,192 Collection from Debtors $77,000,000 $91,449,750 $100,297,513 Cash Purchase ($24,000,000) ($26,322,000) ($28,868,654) Payment to Suppliers ($30,000,000) ($38,902,500) ($42,666,317) Direct Labor Cost ($36,666,667) ($43,547,500) ($47,760,721) Manufacturing Expenses ($26,000,000) ($28,515,500) ($31,274,375) Insurance ($12,000) ($12,300) ($12,608) Rates Taxes ($6,500) ($6,663) ($6,829) Salary of Office Staffs ($91,667) ($102,292) ($104,849) Cleaning Charges ($5,000) ($5,125) ($5,253) Electricity for Office ($13,750) ($15,344) ($15,727) Telephone Internet ($7,333) ($8,183) ($8,388) Salary of Marketing Staffs ($137,500) ($153,438) ($157,273) Sales Commissions @1.5% on Sales ($700,000) ($767,725) ($842,002) Travelling charges @2% on Sales ($350,000) ($383,863) ($421,001) Income Tax Expenses ($1,833,185) ($2,222,795) ($2,646,860) Cash Inflow/(Outflow) from Operating Activities $13,176,398 $11,902,524 $12,866,848 Cash Flow from Investing Activities: Purchase of Non-Current Assets ($20,250,000) Preliminary Expenses ($560,000) Sale of Assets Return on Deposits Cash Inflow/(Outflow) from Investing Activities ($20,810,000) $0 $0 Cash Flow from Financing Activities: Share Issue $38,177,213 Bonds Issue $27,996,623 Loan From Bank $18,664,415 Interest Payment ($3,732,883) ($3,732,883) ($3,732,883) Dividend Payment ($1,497,101) ($1,815,283) ($2,161,602) Repayment of Bond Repayment of Loan from Bank Cash Inflow/(Outflow) from Financing Activities $79,608,266 ($5,548,166) ($5,894,485) Net Cash Increase/(Decrease) for the period $71,974,664 $6,354,358 $6,972,363 Add: Opening Cash Balance $0 $71,974,664 $78,329,022 Closing Cash Balance $71,974,664 $78,329,022 $85,301,385 Present worth (Net Present Value) The net present value for the project has been given below with respect to the variable inflation rate, growth rate and the WACC. The Net Present value at 25 inflation rate has been 3418865, ta 2.50% has been 358505005 and at 3.50% has been 36484023. It has been observed that with respect to the current position of the project, the Net Present Value has been 38505005 as the rate of inflation has been 2.505, the growth rate has been 7% and the WACC has been 8.71%. Internal Rate of Return The Internal Rate of Return for Ravenhall Prison project has amounted to 10.04% suggesting that the project has a positive effect and the project can be viable for further investments(Welsh et al., 2015). The IRR would rise and fall with respect to the changes in the inflation rate, growth rate and WACC. The IRR has indicated that investments can be an effective in the prison project as government has interference on this project and therefore return on investment would be fruitful for the investors. Modified IRR The IRR can get modified with respect to the changes in the rate of inflation, growth rate and the WACC of the economy and the project. It is seen that the IRR has been 9.64% at 2% inflation rate and 10.22% at 3.50%. IRR would have a value of 9.10% at 5% growth and 10.58% at 9% growth. With respect to the WACC at 6.50% the percentage will be 12.11% and 8.05% at 10.50%. Cost-Benefit Analysis The cost benefit analysis has been discovered to be the process with the help of which the business decisions are evaluated. The advantages of the stipulated condition or the actions related to the business are summed and then the expenditures related undertaking that action is evaluated(Hardin, 2015). The cost benefit analysis of Ravenhall Prison Project has been analyzing the overall costs that are related to the project and the funds that are generated with the help of the various financial institutions and the capitals invested by GEO Consortium. The overall analysis of the cost is given in the table below: Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Inflation Rate 2.50% 2.50% Sales Growth Rate 7% 7% Sales Volume 40000 42800 45796 Selling Price Per Unit $3,500 $3,588 $3,677 Total Sales Revenue $140,000,000 $153,545,000 $168,400,479 Cost of Good Sold per unit: Raw Material Consumed ($1,500) ($1,538) ($1,576) Direct Labor Cost ($1,000) ($1,025) ($1,051) Total Cost of Goods Sold p.u. ($2,500) ($2,563) ($2,627) Total Cost of Goods Sold ($100,000,000) ($109,675,000) ($120,286,056) GROSS PROFIT $40,000,000 $43,870,000 $48,114,423 Variable Manufacturing Overhead p.u ($650) ($666) ($683) Total Variable Manufacturing Overhead ($26,000,000) ($28,515,500) ($31,274,375) Depreciation on Property,Plant Equipment ($2,100,000) ($2,100,000) ($2,100,000) Total Manufacturing Overhead ($28,100,000) ($30,615,500) ($33,374,375) General Administrative Expenses: Depreciation on Furniture Fixtures ($100,000) ($90,000) ($81,000) Depreciation on Computer Equipment ($180,000) ($158,400) ($139,392) Amortization of Patent ($100,000) ($100,000) ($100,000) Amortization of Trademark ($150,000) ($150,000) ($150,000) Insurance ($12,000) ($12,300) ($12,608) Rates Taxes ($6,500) ($6,663) ($6,829) Salary of Office Staffs ($100,000) ($102,500) ($105,063) Cleaning Charges ($5,000) ($5,125) ($5,253) Electricity for Office ($15,000) ($15,375) ($15,759) Telephone Internet ($8,000) ($8,200) ($8,405) Total General Administrative Expenses ($676,500) ($648,563) ($624,309) Selling Marketing Expenses: Depreciation on Motor Vehicle ($180,000) ($158,400) ($139,392) Salary of Marketing Staffs ($150,000) ($153,750) ($157,594) Sales Commissions @0.5% on Sales ($700,000) ($767,725) ($842,002) Travelling charges @0.25% on Sales ($350,000) ($383,863) ($421,001) Total Selling Marketing Expenses ($1,380,000) ($1,463,738) ($1,559,989) Net Operating Profit/(Loss) $9,843,500 $11,142,200 $12,555,750 Interest Expenses: Interest on Bond ($1,959,764) ($1,959,764) ($1,959,764) Interest on Loan From Bank ($1,773,119) ($1,773,119) ($1,773,119) Total Interest Expenses ($3,732,883) ($3,732,883) ($3,732,883) Net Profit before Tax $6,110,617 $7,409,317 $8,822,867 Income Tax Expenses ($1,833,185) ($2,222,795) ($2,646,860) Net Profit after Tax $4,277,432 $5,186,522 $6,176,007 Gross Profit Margin 28.57% 28.57% 28.57% Net Profit Margin 3.06% 3.38% 3.67% Return on Equity 11.20% 13.59% 16.18% Other Decision Making Models - Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Model There are are various other decision making models that are available to the management of the project in order to evaluate the activities of the project and undertake decisions accordingly. The use of the decision model is dependent on the management and the management makes proper utilization according to their needs in the prison project. There are various models include the Multi-Attribute Decision Making Model, Multi-Criteria Decision making Model, Analytical Hierarchy Process etc. These models can be used in an effective manner for the Ravenhall Prison Project and better decisions with respect to the operational activities can be constructed, which would lead to the completion of the project before the assigned deadline. MCDM in Financial Decision Making for Projects The MCDM process makes use of equipment and tools that contributes in the quality of the financial process of economic decision making and to the quality of the resulting decisions. MCDM considers problems related to financial decisions as a multiple criteria as financial decision problem occurs due to the issues in different accounting figures which could have an effect on the financial report of the prison project(Medina et al., 2014). These problems mainly arise due to the effective assignment of the scarce capital and the alternate uses of the resources. Hence, it is essential for the management of the prison project looks to allocate the resources in an effective manner by taking help of this model as this would be influential for using the resources required for the project in the areas were these resources require more significance so that the project can be completed within the stipulated time limit and the each and every aspect of the project receives equal importance accord ing to the priority. MADM The multi attribute decision making model is a significant part of innovative decision of science. It anticipates that there are various set of substitutes for the various attributes, which the management undertaking the decision requires to assess and evaluate. The goal of this model has been to discover the demanded substitute for assisting the process of decision making. The problems that have been associated with the MADM has been rectified by taking help of the traditional processes like the simple additive weighing method, analytical hierarchy process and TOPSIS process. The MADM process looks into the different attributes related to the project rather than the price. In this scenario, it has been observed that Ravenhall Prison Project has looked in to the attributes of providing a safe restoration place for the prisoners in Australia and to accommodate a larger number of prisoners at one place(Wang et al., 2014). It is even seen that looking after the primary needs of the pris oners by providing proper beds and primary benefits are even considered overlooking the price involved. The project has even been constructed in order to provide safety and security to the citizens of Australia. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) The analytical hierarchy process is a technique that is structured for evaluating and organizing the decisions that are complex in nature and this has been done by depending on the mathematical process. With respect to the Ravenhall Prison Project, the main objective has been to construct the prison at the lowest cost with the help of proper quality material and within the stipulated time. It is seen that various criteria are constructed by looking at the cost, safety and capacity(Gabay et al., 2014). These aspects would be taken into in choosing the best alternate strategy that would be used by the management in order to complete the prison project effectively. Hence, it can be said that making use of the strategy would be influential for the development of the prison project effectively. Best Practices for Business Growth One of the biggest challenges in business growth is sustainable growth. The short term as well as the long term gains both need to be kept in mind while implementing the procedures for business growth. Different businesses have different reasons for the purpose of sustainability but the main fundamental concepts are the same. The Authenticity of the business purposes need to be maintained. The authorities concerned must repeatedly examine their sense of purpose as well as ensure that the organisation serves the purpose of the project properly. There should also be a constant as well as consistent sense of growth. It also should involve continuous pragmatic innovation. The authentic purpose of a company contributes to its USP. It is better for an organisation to have a clear value and an aim for the purpose of the business growth. The prison project needs to utilise the practices of safety as well as security which is one of the features it aims to achieve (Cooke Williams, 2013). Partnership as well as collaboration is also an extremely important factor for the successful establishment of the business growth. Though the idea of achieving everything singularly in case of a business project is tempting and logical in case of not much availability of funds, the best thing to do is to find the best possible partners for the prison project. The collaboration with the suitable partners in case of the prison project will help in the expansion and proper growth and will also be sustainable. It is necessary to know exactly what to do at a particular time because the needs of different projects are different (Thompson, 2012, October). The project should be done in such a way that the prison expansion concept is deemed successful and helps in the establishment of the successful steps in the business growth. The prison should have proper facilities along with the concept of improvement as well as rehabilitation options (Vaara Whittington, 2012). A business ecosystem is a financial community of organisations as well as individuals which operate in different ways. It is necessary to understand the needs of the prison project are different from other commercialisation projects like malls or shopping centres or other places. The business ecosystems encourage the companies undertaking the innovative as well as difficult projects by fulfilment of their competitive capabilities (Sherman, 2014). In order to ensure that the business needs of any particular project is met, it should be maintained that the leaders or the authorities under whom the project is taking place, need to be aware at every particular stage of growth. Retrospection, self-awareness, as well as a keen sense of strategy is necessary which is both for the short as well as the long term (HealyPalepu, 2012). The authorities in charge of the prison project should adopt an adaptive as well as a flexible nature of leadership. By being mindful as well as understanding the business strategies give the best results for any given project. The continual investment in the capabilities of individual workers as well as organisations helps in the benefit of the organisations (Goodstein MacKenzie, 2013). Business Growth Strategies The business growth strategies should focus on the nature of the project at hand. It should be understood that the nature of the prison is different. The expansion of the prison needs to be the main focus of the organisation which is engaged in the construction project (La Vigne Samuels, 2012). The expansion projects need to be properly undertaken and the details need to be stated in advance as well (Crawley, 2013). The prisons should not be built in a morose or a depressive way so that the residents or the inhabitants of the place should not be de-motivated. It should not happen that the people who are prisoners find it difficult to move back to normalcy. There should not be any dark corners or dark places which might cause the prisoners to move to a dark part of their conscience. The prison architecture should in no way be linked with the levels of violence as well as drug use. There should be an openness as well as connectivity to the prisons as the closed, dark as well as the privacy of the prisons are bound to affect the mindsets of the prisoners and they might engage in fighting, assault, self-harm, consumption of drugs. It might also cause escapes from the prisons. In other words it can be said that the prison projects should correspond or comply with the rehabilitation revolution in order to be a positive impact on the prisoners to facilitate their stay with good experiences and positivity. The cost efficiency needs to be kept in mind while implementation of the project. The cost of prisons is considerable and they also cause the drainage of the vital resources from the segments of health-care, education, housing as well as the other social programs. The de-funding of the prison sector and ensuring the good environment does not lack the resources that need to be taken care of. The exposure of the impact of the public-private finance initiatives show that the cost savings are never delivered. The reduction of the quality of services and the facilities should not be done in a way to actually harm the people. The prisons are never cost efficient. Since the prisons and their buildings waste money as well as the vital resources, the business strategies should revolve around the quality of the prison and the money as well. The private prisons do not always form a clear advantage of the public sector counterparts. The nature of the prison market as well as their proper management need to be done to explain the findings carefully. The cost as well as the quality needs to be uncompromised as the prison projects are huge and influential to the companys reputation. The quality of the prison, the provided facilities should constitute the business strategies of the prison project. Profitability Index Profitability Index is even known as the profit investment and value investment ratio for any developing project and this has been a mechanism for ranking the projects as it permits to quantify the amount of the value developed due to the investment per unit. With respect to the current profitability index of Ravenhall Prison Project, it can be observed that profitability index has been 0.42 or 42.20% and hence it can be said that the project is an effective one and undertaking investment in this project would lead to effective construction of the project within the stipulated timeline. Recommendations for case project financial model or plan The project has been established by undertaking numerous researches of the Australian market and evaluation of the financial statements and the project background and the scope of the project. The country has been regarded as the democratic market that is vibrant and has been functioning like this for over 25 years and this development has been possible due to the limited level of recessions. The effective process of the government has benefited the Ravenhall Prison Project due to an effective and well-functioned legal system. The presence of such an effective legal system and government regulations has revealed an effective economic system and this has motivated the private sector to undertake investments in such projects. Hence it is seen that GEO Consortium has undertaken investment in the prison project and this in way would improve the revenue for the organization and even complete the project in an effective manner. According to the financial estimations of the Ravenhall Prison Project, it has been observed that this project would be enormouslyachievable to make sure the growth and stability in the Australian region. It has been recommended that the project should undertake the activities that they have been performing currently as this has been an effective process and sustainable use of the project would lead to the proper return on investment for GEO Consortium and completion of the project in a timely manner with effective facilities available within the prison. Reference Anderson, J. E. (2014).Public policymaking. Cengage Learning. Bardach, E., Patashnik, E. M. (2015).A practical guide for policy analysis: The eightfold path to more effective problem solving. CQ press. Bernstein, S., Giroud, X., Townsend, R. R. (2016). The impact of venture capital monitoring.The Journal of Finance,71(4), 1591-1622. Omran, M. F. (2015). Islamic venture capital as a solution for economic coordination failures in the Arab world.International Journal of Islamic Marketing and Branding,1(2), 142-148. Besser, T. L., Hanson, M. M. (2016). Development of last resort: The impact of new state prisons on small town economies in the United States.Community Economic Development, 73. Bhagat, S. (2014). Why do venture capitalists use such high discount rates?.The Journal of Risk Finance,15(1), 94-98. Block, J. H., Colombo, M. G., Cumming, D. J., Vismara, S. (2017). New players in entrepreneurial finance and why they are there.Small Business Economics, 1-12. Burchardt, J., Hommel, U., Kamuriwo, D. S., Billitteri, C. (2016). Venture capital contracting in theory and practice: implications for entrepreneurship research.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,40(1), 25-48. Coates IV, J. C. (2014). Cost-Benefit Analysis of Financial Regulation: Case Studies and Implications.Yale LJ,124, 882. Cochrane, J. H. (2014). Challenges for cost-benefit analysis of financial regulation.The Journal of Legal Studies,43(S2), S63-S105. Cooke, B., Williams, P. (2013).Construction planning, programming and control. John Wiley Sons. Crawley, E. M. (2013).Doing prison work. Routledge. Dopp, A. R., Borduin, C. M., Wagner, D. V., Sawyer, A. M. (2014). The economic impact of multisystemic therapy through midlife: A costbenefit analysis with serious juvenile offenders and their siblings.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,82(4), 694. Elliott, I. A., Beech, A. R. (2013). A UK cost-benefit analysis of Circles of Support and Accountability interventions.Sexual Abuse,25(3), 211-229. Farrington, D. P., Koegl, C. J. (2015). Monetary benefits and costs of the stop now and plan program for boys aged 611, based on the prevention of later offending.Journal of Quantitative Criminology,31(2), 263-287. Gabay, H., Meir, I. A., Schwartz, M., Werzberger, E. (2014). Cost-benefit analysis of green buildings: An Israeli office buildings case study.Energy and Buildings,76, 558-564. Gatti, S. (2013). Project finance in theory and practice: designing, structuring, and financing private and public projects. Academic Press. Goodstein, L., MacKenzie, D. L. (Eds.). (2013).The American prison: Issues in research and policy(Vol. 4). Springer Science Business Media. Gray, V., Hanson, R. L., Kousser, T. (Eds.). (2017).Politics in the American states: A comparative analysis. Cq Press. Hardin, R. (2015).Collective action. Routledge. Healy, P. M., Palepu, K. G. (2012).Business analysis valuation: Using financial statements. Cengage Learning. Henrichson, C., Rinaldi, J. (2014). Cost-benefit analysis and justice policy toolkit.Retrieved Aprilie,20, 2015. Hirsch, W. Z. (2015).Law and economics: an introductory analysis. Academic press. Iossa, E., Martimort, D. (2015). The simple microeconomics of public?private partnerships.Journal of Public Economic Theory,17(1), 4-48. La Vigne, N., Samuels, J. (2012). The growth increasing cost of the federal prison system: Drivers and potential solutions.Washington, DC: Urban Institute. https://www. urban. org/UploadedPDF/412693-The-Growth-and-Increasing-Cost-of-the-Federal-Prison-System. pdf. Leigh, N. G., Blakely, E. J. (2016).Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Livermore, M. A. (2014). Cost-Benefit Analysis and Agency Independence.The University of Chicago Law Review, 609-688. Medina, P., Bizuayehu, A. W., Catala?o, J. P., Rodrigues, E. M., Contreras, J. (2014, January). Electrical energy storage systems: technologies' state-of-the-art, techno-economic benefits and applications analysis. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 2295-2304). IEEE. Moyer, E. J., Woolley, M. D., Matteson, N. J., Glotter, M. J., Weisbach, D. A. (2014). Climate impacts on economic growth as drivers of uncertainty in the social cost of carbon.The Journal of Legal Studies,43(2), 401-425. Posner, R. A. (2014).Economic analysis of law. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Rodrigues, E. M. G., Godina, R., Santos, S. F., Bizuayehu, A. W., Contreras, J., Catalo, J. P. S. (2014). Energy storage systems supporting increased penetration of renewables in islanded systems.Energy,75, 265-280. Rose-Ackerman, S. (2013).Corruption: A study in political economy. Academic Press. South, J., Bagnall, A., Hulme, C., Woodall, J., Longo, R., Dixey, R., ... Wright, J. (2014). A systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peer-based interventions to maintain and improve offender health in prison settings.Health Services and Delivery Research,2(35). Schaper, M. (Ed.). (2016).Makingecopreneurs: developing sustainable entrepreneurship. CRC Press. Sherman, H. J. (2014).The business cycle: growth and crisis under capitalism. Princeton University Press. Sinden, A. (2015). Formality and Informality in Cost-Benefit Analysis.Utah L. Rev., 93. Smith, M., Ton, D. (2013). Key Connections: The US Department of Energy? sMicrogrid Initiative.IEEE Power and Energy magazine,11(4), 22-27. Stigka, E. K., Paravantis, J. A., Mihalakakou, G. K. (2014). Social acceptance of renewable energy sources: A review of contingent valuation applications.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,32, 100-106. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Thompson, H. A. (2012, October). The prison industrial complex: A growth industry in a shrinking economy. InNew Labor Forum(Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 39-47). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. Treasury and Finance - Ravenhall Prison - Project Summary. (2017). Dtf.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 12 September 2017, from https://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/Publications/Infrastructure-Delivery-publications/Partnerships-Victoria/Ravenhall-Prison-Project-Summary Vaara, E., Whittington, R. (2012). Strategy-as-practice: taking social practices seriously.Academy of Management Annals,6(1), 285-336. Wang, X., Chen, Y., Sui, P., Gao, W., Qin, F., Wu, X., Xiong, J. (2014). Efficiency and sustainability analysis of biogas and electricity production from a large-scale biogas project in China: an emergy evaluation based on LCA.Journal of cleaner production,65, 234-245. Welsh, B. C., Farrington, D. P., Gowar, B. R. (2015). Benefit-cost analysis of crime prevention programs.Crime and justice,44(1), 447-516. Overview of Project Economical Analysis Techniques and Tools

Rappaccinis Daughter Essays - Rappaccinis Daughter,

Interestingly to me, Hawthorne attended college and when he graduated he moved back home with his mother (his father died when he was only four). He had started writing some in college and soon published his first work after graduation. He said this was a lonely and difficult time for him because he earned little money, but did learn a lot. The first thing he published was Fanshawe (1828). Soon after he did, he learned that publication of his work was a mistake and he wanted all copies destroyed. He disposed of all the ones that he could get his hands on and asked his family and friends to do the same. A fire at the local bookstore destroyed all of the rest of the unsold copies. This must have been a sad time for him. To be able to actually write something and publish it and then deliberately trash all of them. On the ninth day of July in 1842, Hawthorne married Sophia Peabody. He wanted to marry her long before this time, but was not making very much money and was afraid he would not be able to support. He did slow down writing for a while and worked at a farm to try to earn some money so he could have the money that he wanted. He learned fast that manual labor left little energy for anything else (DLB 153). Edgar Allan Poe described Hawthorne as a man of "truest genius". Others said he was a "truly American literary voice". Mosses from an Old Manse" was Hawthorne's last collection in writing short stories. He would still work on small works, but this would be his last big one. Many of Hawthorne's books are science fiction fantasies. The conflict in values between the conservative tradition in science that relied on authority is illustrated in "Rappaccini's Daughter" with the conflict between Professor Baglioni and Doctor Rappaccini. Baglioni defines Hawthorne's sense of the Faustian quest when he says of his rival, "he cares infinitely more for science than for mankind...He would sacrifice human life, his own among the rest, or whatever else was dearest to him, for the sake of adding so much as a grain of mustard seed to the great heap of his accumulated knowledge" (DLB 158). Rappaccini's laboratory is the garden and the plants seem to threaten him. When he has to touch a flower he calls for his daughter, Beatrice because she is "better with them". She herself is a poisonous "plant". Anything that she breathes on will die. This is scary that a father would treat his daughter the way he did. His patients were only good for one thing he thought - being a sub ject for an experiment. Some scholars say that "Rappaccini's Daughter" is probably the most complex of all of Hawthorne's short stories. Rappaccini is an evil man that is extremely smart, but he is also a loving and protective father. Beatrice is a person of purity and also a little evil too. Giovanni is a student at the University of Padua and his room overlooks the garden. When he sees Beatrice he immediately falls in love with her. He was so attracted to her that sometimes when he watched from the window he thought he could be dreaming. "He was struck by its expression of simplicity and sweetness; qualities that had not entered into his idea of her character, and which made him ask anew, what manner of mortal she might be" (Lauter 2242). Beatrice was so powerful that she could have anything in her reach to die in a second. For example, when she went to the flower and asked for "thy breath". The stem broke from the flower and a few drops of the moisture fell onto a lizard's head a nd killed him. " Beatrice observed this remarkable phenomenon, and crossed herself, sadly, but without surprise; nor did she therefore hesitate to arrange the fatal flower in her bosom" ( Lauter 2242). I do not think Beatrice enjoyed killing these innocent flowers and animals, but she had to for her father and for her to live. Giovanni witnessed this incident and he couldn't believe what he saw. he really thought

Zebbra Muscles essays

Zebbra Muscles essays The zebra mussel is a native species of the Europe area. It was originally introduced into the United States by accident, through the ballast water in ocean-going freighters that came from European ports (Officials). The reason this was possible was because the ballast tanks equalize the weight of the ship and its cargo by filling up with the same water from which the ship floats, and also taking what ever may be in the water into the tanks as well. Then later they empty the water at a different location, relocating what ever was in the tanks to a new ecosystem, where the problems soon followed. Once they were introduced into the lake they began to reproduce at an alarming rate. The problem was at first, just as with most other alien species there were not any known predators in order to keep the numbers at bay. Soon after other problems began to develop. The mussels liked to be around flowing water, because that would bring food to them. This posed a big problem for those who relied on intake pipes such as power plants. The mussels would crowd around these intake pipes so tightly that they would in some cases actually stop the flow of water through these pipes. Also the zebra mussel devours microscopic plants at the bottom of the food chain (Faber B1). These plants are vital to the survival of the native species of the lake. If a part of the food chain is broken especially close to the bottom then the entire ecosystem suffers. In some cases the introduction of this species to lake Erie was thought to be worse than the oil spill in Alaska (Faber B1). Reason being, exotic introductions are permanent and spreading, they cant be cleaned up like oil spills. In a hundred years it is possible to substantially clean up an oil spill, but for the zebra mussels they will have spread across America. It was only at first that this mussel was thought to be all bad, but after a couple years of ...

Give It Up vs. Applaud

Give It Up vs. Applaud Give It Up vs. Applaud Give It Up vs. Applaud By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Lately, I hear announcers introducing acts by saying GIVE IT UP FOR, rather than   LETS HAVE A ROUND OF APPLAUSE FOR. Is this a new expression? The verb give/gave/given has been in the English vocabulary for more than a thousand years. The earliest OED citation is from Beowulf: Beowulf 1719 Nallas beagas geaf Denum à ¦fter dome. Note: The reference is to Heremod, a Danish king who did not honor his men by giving them treasure as custom required. A literal translation of this example is â€Å"Not at all rings gave [he] to the Danes for honor.† The OED entry for give requires more than a hundred items to clarify the various ways in which this verb is or has been used throughout the centuries. The expression â€Å"give it up for so-and-so† is just one of the verb’s more recent uses. The earliest OED citation for â€Å"give it up† in the sense of â€Å"applaud,† dated 1990, is from a Web source: Hey folks, lets give it up for Andy! One huge round of applause please!- Re: ShrinkIt 3.0 in comp.sys.apple2 (Usenet newsgroup). The basic meaning of give is â€Å"to make another person the recipient of something in the possession of the giver.† When an audience is asked â€Å"to give it up† for a speaker or performer, they are being asked to show appreciation by applauding. In this way, they give their approval. An earlier expression referring to the act of applauding links give with hand. At the end of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Puck (aka Robin Goodfellow) asks for applause this way: Give me your hands, if we be friends: And Robin shall restore amends. Audiences are said to â€Å"give a hand† to performers. Performers hope to â€Å"get a big hand† from their audiences. No one seems to mind such established circumlocutions for applaud, but the latest expression provokes annoyance: Does anybody else hate the expression, â€Å"give it up† for whoever it is instead of just clapping? It drives me mad. Oh, I must say that I  hate  the recent,  Put your hands together for. Or the even more egregious,  Lets give it up for â€Å"Give it up† annoys me too. I hate this new age talk, it just sounds lazy. I hate â€Å"give it up for [so-and-so]† when announcers introduce entertainment acts. Love it or hate it, â€Å"give it up for† in the sense of â€Å"please applaud† has caught on with large numbers of speakers. Note to ESL learners: In some contexts, â€Å"give it up† or â€Å"give up† can also mean surrender, abandon, and quit: The house is completely surrounded. You might as well give it up. Eventually he took a huge risk and  gave himself up to  the Chicago  police. Unable to overtake the planes,  he gave up  the chase three miles from his own lines. How  many  people do something just once and are  ready to give up?   Give it up! You can’t win. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for Money75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†Drama vs. Melodrama

Rule of Taliban Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rule of Taliban - Essay Example After several bombing instances, the Taliban were attacked by the United States of America which made them to escape to other areas for safety (Barth, 12). This left them with a mere 5% of the entire country under their control, these were regions on the north and eventually escaping to Pakistan start being driven out of their last city(Kunduz). It was until recently that first signs of their return were detected. Arguments have risen across different political, religious, social and economic divides of whether ruling power needs to be taken back to them or not. The varied opinion on whether Taliban should be allowed to take back Afghanistan under their rule has been strengthened by the impact felt during their regime whether it were positive or negative. Many people believe that despite the pessimistic views labeled against Taliban, lots of positive developments were realized during their regime as compared to before and after their ousting. It should be noted that despite Taliban being considered reckless on women, they were arguably of importance to the economy and social wellbeing of the Afghans. Some of the reasons cited for letting Taliban regain control of Afghanistan include, but not restricted to their goal of minimizing and eliminating crime at all cost. They succeeded in doing so by coming up with their own kind of Islamic law that entailed death sentences and amputations. Crimes committed such as rape incidence against women were minimized by ensuring that women did not walk out of the house without being in company of male counterparts. Wearing of burga (clothes that covered women’s entire body from head to toe) imposed by Taliban also helped with reducing rape incidences. Those found guilty of violating Taliban laws were thoroughly punished by religious police. Cases of children being used as sex slaves also reduced tremendously (Mason, 102). Taliban advocated for basic and isolationist

Am I a Constructivist Teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Am I a Constructivist Teacher - Essay Example I also have group activities once a day. Reading to each other, playing math games, and other activities are encouraged. Every lesson also has an open discussion. I allow all students to participate with answers, questions, and even stories. I am at the middle of the constructivist spectrum due to my views on individual teaching. I feel that children can play around or distract when grouped together too often. Interspersing constructivist activities with traditional assignments seem to keep the children focused better. A child does not automatically understand self-control, autonomous behavior, and self-reliance without doing traditional assignments by themselves. On the other hand, after doing a traditional assignment constructivist activities about the traditional assignment are handy. This helps the children do the assignment on their own merits while learning from their and others’ mistakes and successes. My current teaching habits do reflect my constructivist-based views. I like to mix both traditional and constructivist views. Children cannot be programmed like computers. It is essential to use constructivist-based activities to help the child learn. Upon learning a skill a student can then reproduce the skill alone. For example, creative writing is a test given in the 5th grade. All year descriptive writing is examined by the students. Papers are written and shared by the entire 5th grade. Students bounce ideas off of each other in groups and through open discussion, however when taking the writing test the student must perform on their own. This is why I prefer both methods. Discipline is another reason I am in the middle on constructivist views. Some students cannot handle group interaction. Often these children have rough backgrounds. These children need a more traditional approach. This is especially true when speaking about emotionally disturbed (ED) children. Every child is different. If a

Capitalization of Gender in Edna Millays Essay Example for Free

Capitalization of Gender in Edna Millays Essay The sonnet has experienced many modifications and innovations throughout the ages. Edna St. Vincent Millay’s â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed† and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s â€Å"Sonnet 43†, both Petrarchan sonnets, have diversified and helped pave the way for future female poets. In order to address and capitalize on ideas of gender connected to sonnet form and content, Edna Millay and Elizabeth Browning both revolutionize the traditional male-dominated sonnet form as females, Browning expresses overly sentimental and passionate emotion through content and Millay contradicts the social norm of female sexuality as well through content. Millay and Browning revolt against the male-dominated sonnet. Popular among prominent male poets, the sonnet was deemed unworthy for females, as men were far more educated and capable of fulfilling its high standards and strict guidelines. Both poets proved common beliefs wrong by excelling in the sonnet form. They used the Petrarchan sonnet, playing close attention to rhyme scheme and using iambic pentameter. They even incorporated the Volta between the octave and sestet, while using the first three lines in the sestet to introduce the change in tone and the last three lines in the sestet to conclude, invariably identical to the traditional Italian sonnet. At a time where women did not even have the right to vote, Millay and Browning both struggled to find a place in poetry writing, especially the sonnet form in which their predecessors were all male. The literary cannon and the Romantic Era consisted of all male poets who directed the sonnets to their lovers in regard to express their profound appreciation. Love has been the preferred sonnet theme since the 1300’s when the sonnet was created and both, Millay and Browning, stuck with the same traditional concept of love and lust as their topic. Being one of the most popular, sought out forms of poetry, the sonnet was the perfect way for nineteenth-century women to get out into the limelight and start a feminist movement. Or possibly, women poets stumbled toward the sonnet form due to its oppressive rules of rhyme scheme, structural shifts, meter and syllable count, it provided them a ready-made metaphor, suggesting difficulties in communication. Extremely restrained, the sonnet form helped make inexpressibility apparent, it therefore presented women sonneteers with an irony that revealed their circumstances of restricted speech and forced silence. Female poets, who incorporated the strict sonnet form, at a time difficult for women to freely embark in the lyric tradition, did so only to promote gender variance. Elizabeth Browning uses exceedingly sentimental emotions in her â€Å"Sonnet 43†. She either does so for ridicule or freedom for women to express themselves. By the use of such diction she is using satire and mockery of overly melodramatic reactions and feelings of a typical woman. â€Å" With my lost saints! -I love thee with the breath,/ Smiles, tears, of all my life! (12-13)†, even with the usage of several exclamation marks, she creates emphasis on the over exaggeration. In her Sonnet 43, Browning proclaims the pleasure love brings and pleads for a complete surrender to love, which seems far too corny. Or perhaps, she is just being herself, demonstrating to fellow females to be confident and unafraid of articulating and communicating your feelings. Following the thematic convention of rhyme scheme and iambic pentameter, Browning either wants to represent stereotypical females with her portrayal of unrealistic sensations or she wants to prove that even a completely feminine sonnet can create attentiveness to gender difference. Edna Millay challenges the social standards of female sexuality. Millay’s poem explores a female-centred perspective which opposes the widespread male-dominated presumptions of women. It is indeed a very sexual poem, revealing her sexual attraction and intentions to a particular man. Female sexuality was silenced in those times and rarely did women speak so openly and fearlessly of personal matters. She created a new realm of subject matters to women authors and helped support a liberated approach to life. The style of her poetry is formal with typical meter and rhyme scheme. Critics have repeatedly pointed out her bizarre connection of conventional poetic forms and structures with completely unconventional ideas and expressions. We must recognize and appreciate Millay for revealing the love em and leave em tactic normally exercised by males. However, because of the poets reversed gender, this strategy seems more modern, harmless and considerably humorous. There is irony and originality in a female using such rebellious content, perhaps she is scrutinizing normal male intentions, as it is regularly the women who are hurt in the end because they long for a relationship while the men are only looking for sex. The form may receive validity of tradition while the content concurrently mocks tradition. With the help of this poem she gained a reputation of a free-spirited and revolutionary social figure whose work followed her commemoration of life. Edna Millays poem fights for sexual freedom originally claimed by men, it fights for equality of the double standard that exists, which inhibits female sexuality and encourages male sexuality. Writing as women has led them to run â€Å"counter to† their culture and â€Å"against the grain of time† to echo Pounds words. Edna St. Vincent Millays â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed† and Elizabeth Barrett Brownings â€Å"Sonnet 43† redefine the standards of genre and gender norms. Millay and Browning both revolt against the regularly male sonnet form, they were attracted to its structural affinity to promote gender variance. Browning creates emphasis using ordinary female emotions, while Millay challenges normality of female sexuality. However at the same time there are distinct contrasts apparent, Brownings poetry has a feminine quality with such passion and sentimentality while Millays poetry has a masculine quality, as it resists sentimentality with her ability to look beyond the status quo and her completely opposite lifestyle of love affairs. However, both poets attempt to reconcile with convention while contributing to gender capitalization, hoping to establish diversification equally valid for females. Both are icons for womanhood, both are masters of the sonnet forms and both are nurturers of ambition, independence, outspokenness and flaunting sexuality.

Banning Cars Essay -- Papers benefits pros cons Essays Vehicle

Banning Cars There are always two sides of the story. In this essay I am going show the good points and the bad points about banning cars. Many things have to be considered before a change of this magnitude can happen. I will also express my own opinion to show what a person of the public would think of the change. ====================================================================== The good points weigh out the bad points by a long way. One big reason for this is pollution and the environment. The environment has been effected by cars and their pollution from the time cars were invented. The pollution that comes from cars is made up of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and many other poisonous gases. This kills plants and animals and destroys the ozone layer. The pollution forms a layer in the atmosphere which, keeps the heat in causing global warming and is dangerous to the earth. If cars were banned the demand for petrol would be no where near as much as before. This would mean not as much oil would ...

Project management success factors Essay

Housing is the critical issue in global urbanization which have a tremendous impact on the environment – both during construction and through out their. As the key element in urban development, housing plays a vital role in attaining the goal of sustainable development. Effective of project management is becoming increasingly important for sustainable housing to remain competitive in today‟s dynamic business environment. This paper attempt to establish a theoretical framework for project management success factors in sustainable housing development. Review on past literature on the subject were carried out to build the existing research works on the area and to establish critical success factors of project management best practices. At the end of this paper, a new area of managing sustainable housing for future direction of this research was identified. A list of critical success factors for project management practices for sustainable housing development was established. Keywords: Sustainable Housing, Sustainable Development Project Management, Critical Success Factors. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Housing, as human basic need, is a very important issue of people‟s everyday life. In 1948, the United Nations, in its Universal Declaration of Human Rights, stated that â€Å"everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Housing provision is one of the major challenges facing developing countries. Under the Seventh Malaysia Plan (1999-2000) and Eight Malaysia Plan (2001-2005), Malaysian governments are committed to provide adequate, affordable and quality housing for all Malaysian, particularly the low income group. This is in line with Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlement and Habitat Agenda (1996) to ensure adequate shelter for all. In order to be sustainable, housing initiatives must be economically viable, socially acceptable, technically feasible and environmentally compatible (Choguill, 2007). In the other hand, housing encompasses the immediate environment, sanitation, drainage, recreational facilities, and all other economic and social activities that make life worthwhile (Olejado, 2003). The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED, 1987) report, Our Common Future has led to a world-wide notion of the concept of sustainable development (Meldon, 1998). However, it has been argued that the history of the concept of sustainability can be traced back to the terms â€Å"stationery† or â€Å"steady state economy† used by the nineteenth century political economist (European Environment agency, 1997). Today there are over 300 published definitions of sustainable development, the products of diverse world views and competing vested interests (Moles and Kelly, 2000). Fundamentally, sustainable development addresses three major areas; I. People living today are entitled to justice and equal rights; II. Environmental degeneration must be alleviated or eliminated; and III. Future generations must not be impoverished as a result of current actions (Redclift,1987). Our Common Future explores how sustainable development â€Å"is not a fixed state of harmony but rather a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs† (Moles and Kelly, 2000). In other words, (WCED, 1987, 8) it‟s defined as â€Å"development which meets the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†. The Commission not only observed that environmental problems need to be addressed, but also socials problem, such as inequity, property, non-prosperity and the violation of human rights, that are related to explosive population growth and the enormous expansion of environmental harms caused by human activities. According to the Commission, solving these problems requires global economic growth whilst respecting ecological constraints (Klunder, 2004). Other studies, (Ding, 2008) defined sustainable development is as a concern of attitudes and judgment to help insure long-term ecological, social and economic growth in society. While the term of sustainable development is well known and widely used, there is no common understanding and approach for it. The perception of sustainability especially when it comes to what â€Å"needs† is regarded as important varies much by different nation and even different people with different points in time, economic, social and cultural backgrounds (Zinkernagel, 2001). The detail of what comprises sustainable development is very context – specific and the same condition and practice cannot apply everywhere. Therefore, sustainability has its diverse implications in every corner of the world and in every sector of a society (Bell and Morse, 2003). For construction sector, the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (1990) explains sustainable as directed towards the reduction of the environmental and health impacts consequent to construction, buildings and the built environment. Such construction processes would bring environmental responsibility, social awareness, and economic profitability objectives to the fore in built environment related projects (Langston and Ding, 2001). There are various definitions of sustainable housing; The European Union defined sustainable housing in the following perspective: construction (e.g. Quality of construction), social and economic factors (e.g. Affordability and psychological impacts) and ecoefficiency (e.g. Efficient use of non-renewable resources) (VROM, 2005). Previously, IHBC (1998) definitions  present the general factor of a sustainable housing practice that is applicable under various circumstances, depending on the conditions where it‟s implemented (Larasati, 2006). Basically, all these definitions were carry out the idea of Principle 15 of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on The Human Environment: â€Å"Planning must be applied to human settlements and urbanization with a view to avoiding adverse effects on the environment and obtaining maximum social, economic and environmental benefits for all† (UNEP, 1972). A sustainable house is cost-efficient over time, comfortable, cheap to maintain and complements our unique environment (Queensland Government, 2004). â€Å"Sustainable Housing† is a new concept in developing countries and unearthing projects covering all aspects of sustainability proved to be difficult (Ebsen, 2000). For housing that make up a great proportion of building, sustainable housing could be defined as housing practices, which strive for integral quality (including economic, social, and environmental performance) in a broad way (John, Croome & Jeronimidis, 2005). The focus on sustainable housing implies a perspective of flows (Klunder, 2004). From this viewpoint, a sustainable  housing is characterized by the minimization of the environmental impacts of material use, energy consumption and water consumption during the whole service life of the building. 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT Malaysia is a developing country heading towards industrialization. The growths of industries bid rapid housing expansion due to the high demand from the customer. A good housing area has to fulfill the health aspect from the building, drainage, clean water supply, domestic waste management and suitable ventilation. The quality of housing and it‟s social, economic and environmental performance is critically important to sustainable development. However, the lacks of practices of project success factors in housing development activities may often bring about water, air and land pollutions thus affecting the natural environment, health and quality of  life. These issues are often raised today as problems of uncontrolled development of housing growth as concern for the environment is not considered. With this concern in mind, housing and other social services become priority in today‟s development programmes which aimed at improving the quality of life and contributing towards the formation of a caring society. However, the issue of sustainable housing are still new and not that familiar in our country. With referring back the house being built in the past decade, those houses were not meeting the essential criteria of sustainability and unfortunately, there are little to none; in depth studies for this matter. Although the homes that create may look good and be cheap to build, they are poor value if they weather poorly, have high energy and other running costs, are expensive to maintain and cannot adapt to changes in use. According to Maylor (1999) those organizations that are most resourceful in seeking out best practices and making those aspects work for them will be the most successful. Although project management has proved its success in many construction projects, there is however some problems associated with the manner in which the system has been selected and/or implemented (Noum S. et al., 2004). Here, critical factors of successful project management were establish to develop a new area of managing sustainable housing for further studies of this research to ensure its potential for future sustainability. 2.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS Based on the problems stated above, two main questions are formed as below: 1) What are the critical factors that are required for the successful implementation of sustainable housing practices? 2) What are the critical factors project management best practices in sustainable housing development? 2.2 OBJECTIVES There are two objectives for this paper: 1) To identify factor that are required for the successful implementation of sustainable housing practice. 2) To establish the success factors that determines the best practices for project management in sustainable housing. 3) To establish guideline for project management best practices for sustainable housing. 3.0 FACTORS EFFECTING PROJECT SUCCESS Nowadays, companies are increasingly using projects in their daily work to achieve company goals. The only way organizations can be driven to achieve excellence is by keeping an eye on competition and world best practice in all aspects of the business (Bendell et. all, 1998). Recently more and more organizations are recognizing that translating corporate strategies into actions requires project management. Consequently, it is vital that projects are successful (Baccarini, 2003). Critical success factors are important influences that contribute to project success. So, critical success factors are the set of circumstances, facts or influences which contribute to the project outcomes. According to Mobey and Parker (2002), to increase the chances of a project succeeding it is necessary for the organisation to have an understanding of what are the success factors, to systematically and quantitatively assess these factors, anticipating possible causes and effects, and then choose appropriate methods of dealing with them. Once identified, the success of the project can be achieved. Generally, the success of a construction project depends on a number of factors, such as project complexity, contractual arrangements, and relationships between project participants, the competency of project managers, and the abilities of key project members (Chua et al., 1999). Bayliss, (2002) in his report said that successful project delivery requires the concerted effort of the project team to carry out the various project activities, but it is the project manager who, at the center of the project network, is responsible for orchestrating the whole construction process. Possessing the core project management competence would help to define the ability of project managers to deliver good performance towards the attainment of project success. The search for factors that influence project success has been growing interest over the past decade. Among researchers that have tried to a certain extent to identify success factors for project management are Pinto and Slevin (1987,1989), Cooke-Davis (2002), Muller and Turner (2003), Belassi and Tukel (1996) and etc. Success factors are those input to the project management system that lead directly or indirectly to the success of the project or business. Belassi and Tukel, 1996, categorized success factors into four main group. These are factors relating to the project, project managers, organization, and external environment. Others researcher, Chan et al., 2002 identify a set of project success factors; project team commitment, contractor‟s competencies, risk and liability assessment, client‟s competencies, end-users needs and constraints imposed by end user. As referred to the ten critical success factors developed by Pinto and Slevin (1986), Pinto and Mantel (1990) suggest that â€Å"these critical success factors were found to be generalisable to a wide variety of project types and organizations†. Their model is one of the most widely quoted lists of critical success factors (Muller and Turner, 2007). However a single set of project success factors may not be suitable for all industries (Lim et al, 1999; Hartman et al, 1996). Liu and Walker 1998 suggest that as industries operate differently, â€Å"a set of critical success factors may not be transferable from one project to another project†¦only generic areas can be identified and used as broad guidelines.† A comprehensive review of the literature research on success factors of project management was conducted. Table 1 gives lists of the critical success factors developed in the various literatures. Several researchers have identified the factors that significantly determine project management success. Based on the frequency analysis, the critical success factors are prioritised as shown in Table 2. Table 1. Summary of literature reviews from various author‟s for project success Author‟s Pinto & Critical Success Factors Belassi Cooke- Baccarini Andersen Hyvari Turner & Khang Slevin & Davies (1999, et al., Muller & (2002) 2003) (2006) (2005,07) Moe (1987,89) Tukel (2006) (1996) (2008) Project Understanding √ √ Top Management Support √ √ Information/Communication √ √ √ √ Client Involvement √ √ √ √ Competent Project Team √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Authority of the Project Manager/Leader Realistic Cost and Time Estimates √ Adequate Project Control √ √ √ √ √ √ Planning/Controlling Project mission /common goal √ √ Project Ownership √ √ √ √ √ √ √ feedback √ √ √ √ √ √ √ or empirical basis. Table 2: Prioritisation of CSFs Critical Success Factors Prioritised Occurrence No. Frequency of Rank 1 Competent Project Team 8 1 2 Authority of the Project Manager/Leader 6 2 3 Project Understanding 5 3 4 Top Management Support 5 3 √ √ Remark: â€Å"√ † critical success factors that is determined by the authors either on a conceptual Sr. √ √ √ Monitor performance and √ √ √ Adequate Resources √ √ √ Risk Management √ √ √ Problem Solving Abilities √ √ 5 Client Involvement 5 3 6 Project mission /common goal 5 3 7 Adequate Resources 4 4 8 Realistic Cost and Time Estimates 4 4 9 Information/Communication 4 4 10 Project Ownership 3 5 11 Monitor performance and feedback 3 5 12 Planning/Controlling 3 5 13 Risk Management 3 5 14 Adequate Project Control 2 6 15 Problem Solving Abilities 2 6 The frequency analysis in Tables 1 and 2 revealed that there are only one critical success factors in all frameworks in common which is competent project team. The analysis also showed that authority of the project manager/leader is prioritised in rank 2. The analysis further revealed that 5 out of the 8 frameworks have four critical success factors in common: Project Understanding, Top Management Support, Client Involvement and Project Mission/common goal. The Adequate Resources, Realistic Cost and Time Estimates and information/Communication success factors have their presence in forth frameworks respectively. The other critical success factors (namely, Project ownership, Monitor performance and feedback, Planning/Controlling and Risk Management) are presented in very few frameworks (Table 1 and 2). Meanwhile, the other two factors were not commonly found in the literature which is adequate project control and problem solving abilities. 4.0 FACTORS OF PROJECT SUCCESS FOR SUSTAINABLE HOUSING The subject of project management is vast and numerous authors continuously add to the body of literature on the subject. According to the Project Management Institute (2004), the discipline of project management can be defined as follows: Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction. Project management best practices may be described as optimum way of performing work to achieve high performance (Ramabadron et all., 1997). According to Dey (2002), current project management practices of organizations in the industry sector do not always ensure success. The main problems with projects planning and implementation have been cost and time overruns and quality non-achievement. Dey (2002) stated that the main contributing factors are: ï‚ · Expansion of the scope and subsequent quality increases of input resources; ï‚ · Engineering and design changes; ï‚ · Underestimation and incorrect estimation and ï‚ · Unforeseen inflation ï‚ · Project size and complexity and etc. Dey, (2002) illustrates projects management growing popularity has stimulated interest in how companies compare in their application of project management process, tools and techniques. Successful project management can contribute towards project success but is unlikely to be able to prevent project failure (de Wit, 1988). The various variables affecting the success factors are identified in the  previous section. There are Project Understanding, Top Management, Support Communication, Client Involvement, Competent Project Team, Authority of Top Level, Realistic Cost and Time Estimates, Adequate Project Control, Problem Solving Abilities, Risk Management, Adequate Resources, Planning/Controlling, Monitor performance and feedback, Project mission /Common goal, and Project Ownership. Furthermore, a new conceptual framework that includes the indentified variables of project success is shown in Fig. 1. Its show that variables project success can influence a variable of criteria measuring sustainable housing. Figure 1: Framework of Project Management Success Factors in Sustainable Housing. Project Management Success Factor Criteria Measuring Sustainable Housing: Competent Project Team Authority of the Project Manager/Leader Project Understanding Top Management Support Client Involvement Project mission /common goal Adequate Resources Realistic Cost and Time Estimates Information/Communication Project Ownership Monitor performance and feedback Planning/Controlling Risk Management Adequate Project Control Problem Solving Abilities ï‚ · Energy Efficiency ï‚ · Use of Materials ï‚ · Water Efficiency ï‚ · Disposal ï‚ · Site Issues ï‚ · Green ï‚ · Traffic ï‚ · Outdoor environment and Indoor environment Project Management Success Factors in Sustainable Housing – Economically ; are cost-efficient over the lifespan of the dwelling – Environmental/Ecology ; are resource efficient in terms of materials, waste, water and energy – Social/Community ; are safe, flexible and comfortable for people with varying abilities * Critical success factor of project management were establish to come out the best practices in new area in Sustainable Housing. An extensive literature survey on sustainable housing also has been carried out to select criteria measurement frameworks for this study. The relevant literature has revealed that different researchers have adopted similar sustainability criteria‟s framework that consider on three basic themes of the sustainable construction; social, environmental, and economic. Below, there are a few literatures findings in term of criteria of measuring sustainable housing: 1. Winston (2007) have carried out some important characteristics of sustainable housing include: sustainable land-use planning; resisting scattered settlements; housing close to employment and public transport; higher residential densities; sustainable construction; high standards of energy efficiency in use of dwellings; housing availability, affordability and quality; access to green space, and a high quality residential environment. Many sustainable building indicator sets are derived from conceptual models (Winston and Pareja, 2008). 2. Blaauw (1997), the following environmental theme are derived from a workbook for sustainable building and housing: Energy, Use of Materials, Water, Disposal, Site, Green, Traffic, Outdoor environment and Indoor environment. 3. Building Environmental Science & Technology (B.E.S.T), formulated residential green building guidelines: Emphasize the reduce, recycle, re-use, renewable; use energy, water and resource efficiently; healthy indoor air quality; building has affordable community; development creates a sense of well-being; the home remains reasonably affordable and cost effective. 4. (Bennett and James, 1999) Effective sustainability measurement should consider the complete triple bottom line of economic, environmental, and societal performance which is: a) Social Sustainability ï‚ · Healthy internal environment ï‚ · Safety (personal, household and environmental) ï‚ · Provision of social amenity ï‚ · Provision of recreation amenity ï‚ · Accessibility to jobs and amenities b) Economic Sustainability ï‚ · Cost efficient over time ï‚ · Adaptability with min. cost ï‚ · Affordability ï‚ · Job creations and local economy c) Environmental Sustainability ï‚ · Energy efficiency ï‚ · Water efficiency/Conservation ï‚ · Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions ï‚ · Waste management / recycling ï‚ · Material efficiency ï‚ · Pollution prevention– noise, water, air ï‚ · Optimization & conservation of land ï‚ · Protect and enhance biodiversity ï‚ · Reduction of car dependency 5. Green Building Manual from the US Department of Energy (DOE) & Public Technology, Inc. (PTI) include the following points: ï‚ · Site Issues: selection of building sites, landscaping, watershed, site materials and equipment ï‚ · Building Design: building systems (heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, electrical and plumbing systems) and indoor environmental quality ï‚ · Construction Process ï‚ · Operations & Maintenance ï‚ · Economics & Environment: energy and water efficiency, waste reduction, construction costs, building maintenance & management savings. For the purpose of this research, eight aspects of criteria sustainability that can be used to analyze sustainable housing , were derived from the six environmental themes that are distinguished The National Measures for Sustainable Building (Hendriks, 2001): ï‚ · Energy: reducing the demand for energy, promoting the use of sustainable energy resources and using energy efficiently ï‚ · Materials: more efficient use of materials, reducing waste and removing it responsibly ï‚ · Water: reducing water usage, preventing land drying up, and protecting water quality ï‚ · Indoor Environment: improving air quality, improving thermal comfort, and reducing noise levels. ï‚ · Surrounding Environment: supporting bio-diversity, strengthening the perception of the environment (including maintaining old townscapes) and reducing nuisance (noise, wind, odor) ï‚ · Miscellaneous: improving the flexibility of the home with regard to accommodating new functions and improving safety It is expected that study of project management best practices in the extent of project success could lead toward meeting criteria of sustainable housing. This approach in sustainable housing area will provide much needed information to local authorities to take more effective control of housing issues. 5.0 CONCLUSION The implementation of success factors for project management in sustainable housing is important in other to ensure project success. Apparently, the sustainable housing is one of the major contributors to the development of any country. Unfortunately, in our country Malaysia, the issue of sustainable housing development is still new and not yet the proactive action had been taken to develop the housing sector in sustainable way. Thus, this research is proposed to identify success factors for project management in sustainable housing area. At the end of this paper, a new area of managing sustainable housing for future direction of this research will identified. A list of critical success factors from various authors for project management success for sustainable housing development in Malaysia was established. 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