Design the telecommunications network to support a new multi-location Essay

Plan the media communications system to help another multi-area practice - Essay Example The utilization of most recent systems administration instruments has changed the general world especially business zones. At the present, associations have a lot quicker, exact and upgraded ways for business and corporate administration. This paper presents correspondence arrange particular for a Dental Office. In this situation I will suggest another system innovation and information sharing strategy for better administration of the corporate regions. Necessities for the Network I have introduced beneath a portion of the prerequisites for new system innovation execution at company: Offering better correspondence administrations at organization Establishment of powerful information sharing condition Offering secure information passages for correspondence Establishment of better correspondence office Offering remote access to arrange Offering remote information move and access component Implementing new and improved information correspondence structure Offering better information wel lbeing and passageways Implementing upgraded ability of information taking care of Developing better information dealing with instrument Suitable information reinforcement and recuperation system Superior information move speed Effective client the executives Tight security login and get to techniques Network Information and Data Need Security In this system foundation principle touchy information that we have is about the Dental Clinic customers (patients). This information should be made sure about for prevalent administration and corporate security and protection. This connection of information can include: Patient name Patient location Patient substance Patient monetary subtleties Patient average subtleties Patient clinical history Patient individual and touchy data Patient supports move data Besides we likewise have a portion of the significant data with respect to specialists and other center staff. In this situation we have a great deal of insights about staff working and mon ey related data that can be very delicate: Staff Person name Staff Person address Staff Person content Staff Person monetary subtleties Staff Person work subtleties Staff Person working history Staff Person individual and touchy data Staff Person pay and budgetary exchanges subtleties moreover, this new corporate system and database will likewise keep some delicate data with respect to Dental Clinic itself. I have plot underneath a portion of the significant perspectives that will be kept by organize database for the business: Business monetary data Business staff subtleties Business charge subtleties Business income data Business associates subtleties Business day by day working calendar Network Specification For dissecting the necessities and prerequisites of Dental Clinic business and operational capacities required by enterprise I would propose another and powerful system game plan for the business. For this system improvement, I would propose the usage of VPN (virtual private s ystem). In this situation, a virtual private system (VPN) is a system game plan that utilizes an open media transmission game plan, similar to that web, to offer remote workplaces or individual customers through ensured access to their association's correspondence organize. Moreover, the fundamental objective of a VPN is to offer the business the comparative possibilities anyway at a much lower cost

On My First Son by Ben Jonson Essays

On My First Son by Ben Jonson Essays On My First Son by Ben Jonson Paper On My First Son by Ben Jonson Paper This was alarming, in light of the fact that the Red Cross was the sign put on houses struck by the plague. Furthermore, following hardly any days he got a letter from his significant other disclosing to him that his child Benjamin had passed on. Johnson composes the sonnet as though he is conversing with his child, and he expect that the kid can hear or peruse his read. He considers him the offspring of his correct hand both to recommend the young men worth and furthermore the way that he would have been the scholars replacement (the mage originates from the good book, it thinks about the manner in which Jesus is appeared as sitting at Gods right hand). The state of mind of this sonnet shows the dismal and distress yet on the opposite side it likewise shows a brilliant side how he adored his child. The air/tone is thinking about him discussing his child, how his child was everything and he set up his child rather than god. Starting is miserable as It shows straight away that he adores her however recommends that something awful has occurred - demise. A more settled climate infests n the last four line, where the writer Is in positive mind-set, considering his to be as his best creation. The center area from line 5 Is the most passionate one, however Johnson attempts to be philosophical about his misery considering demise to be a break from a grieved world. This sonnet Is twelve-line long, and It Is composed utilizing Iambic pentameter, Johnson organizes the lines utilizing six sets of rhyming couplets. The center segment from line 5 is the most passionate one, however Johnson attempts to be philosophical about his distress considering demise to be a break from an upset world. There Is a great deal of heart contacting cites In this sonnet. Johnson has utilized his language successfully, the subsequent line Is truly grievous, my seine was an excessive amount of any desire for thee, cherished kid. Johnson censures himself for the demise of his child; he adored him to an extreme and had high trusts in him. The entire of the second line as though Johnson composes as he Is conversing with his child and thou wert loaned to me recommend that his child was a blessing from paradise. Will man regret the state he should lopsided clarifies Catch 22, the kid Is going to get away from the hardship life and the wretchedness of maturing. Rest In delicate harmony this statement suggests that his child has gone to a superior spot, code word makes passing stable consoling. In end On My First Son by Ben Johnson (1572-1637) By Aviva him discussing his child, how his child was everything and he set up his child rather than god. Starting is pitiful as it shows straight away that he cherishes her however in the last four line, where the artist is in positive mind-set, considering his to be as his best creation. The center segment from line 5 is the most enthusiastic one, however Johnson attempts to This sonnet is twelve-line long, and it is composed utilizing measured rhyming, Johnson There is a great deal of heart contacting cites in this sonnet. Johnson has utilized his language viably, the subsequent line is truly unfortunate, my seine was an excessive amount of any desire for a lot and had high trusts in him. The entire of the second line as though Johnson composes as he is conversing with his child and thou wert loaned to me recommend that his child was a blessing from paradise. Will man regret the state he ought to begrudged clarifies oddity, the kid is going to get away from the hardship life and the wretchedness of maturing. Rest in delicate harmony this

Things to Consider When Doing Cross Border Mergers Acquisitions

Things to Consider When Doing Cross Border Mergers Acquisitions Cross border mergers and acquisitions are becoming a consistent trend in business and economic cycles. Thanks to globalization, now it is possible for businesses in different countries to come together as a single entity with the sole aim of pushing their business agenda in the global market.Through cross border mergers and acquisitions, businesses have been able to easily spread their operations into other countries that due to market and logistical demands it could have been very difficult to set up a business. However, the success of cross border mergers and acquisitions depends on a number of factors that ought to be fully met in order to guarantee that success will be realized and maintained all through the years of operation in this new market.Cross border mergers and acquisitions depend on a number of success factors that ought to be extensively considered if all the ambitions of the involved businesses are to be fully met. Logically, there must be differences in the way busin ess is conducted in either side of the borders where the mergers and acquisitions are to take place. © Shutterstock.com | Vector GoddessIn this article, we look at some of the factors that need to be considered when initiating and implementing cross border mergers and acquisitions.  These include 1) proper management, 2) cultural integration, 3) business policies, 4) taxation, and 5) general business conditions in the country.1. PROPER MANAGEMENTAs Mark Jamrozinski states, cross border mergers and acquisitions ought not to be scary. If you get scared with cross border mergers and acquisitions you will end up messing everything up and due to the panic that will come up, the involved transactions will fail to live up to the aspirations held. The scary bit regarding to mergers and acquisitions ought to be eliminated with the initiation of proper management strategies. Just like any business transaction, cross border mergers and acquisitions demand that they be undertaken with proper techniques of management in all the aspects of the involved business. Some of the critical management a reas that demand keenness in their handling include market analysis, human resource aspects and product integration and development.In market analysis, it is obvious that in either side of the border where such cross border mergers and acquisitions are to take place; there exist unique markets, with mostly unique demands and structures. Therefore, it is a critical demand that the management techniques to be initiated provide a guideline detailing how to conduct an extensive market analysis before the cross border merger and acquisition exercise comes to effect. It is a demand that this market analysis takes a comparative approach in the sense that both of the involved businesses have their markets fully analyzed then comparisons drawn with an aim of explaining their demands and structures. It is only after the market analysis has extensively been done that proper management can be attained.Proper management must involve the aspects of human resource. In fact, cross border mergers an d acquisitions will on a very large scale rely on human resources if sustainable success is to be attained. Human resource aspects directly give a notion of employees who work for the involved firms. There is always the issue of job security that comes up when cross border mergers and acquisitions come up. Often, employees develop the notion that they may have their participation in the businesses that are merging terminated due to a number of reasons, however realistic or unrealistic they maybe. Such employee notions hurt employee productivity and the failure gets directly related to human resource management. Therefore, when initiating cross border mergers and acquisitions, it is a demand that the proper management factors gets to understand the plight of human resource aspects in such transactions.Product development and integration is another topic of concern when dealing with the topic of proper management in cross border mergers and acquisitions. Logically, the involved busine ss in a cross border merger and acquisition exercise has their unique products that they deal with. When such businesses will have merged, they will effectively become a single entity and in such a case, the products will need to be integrated in a way that will reflect that there actually was a cross border merger and acquisition exercise. Integrating the product and developing it is one of the most challenging tasks in cross border mergers and acquisitions. Therefore, it calls for utmost keenness when trying to streamline all the thorny issues that are often incurred in product development. In the end, it is only through proper management that effective product development and integration can be realized in cross border mergers and acquisitions.2. CULTURAL INTEGRATIONThe topic of culture is always a complex one in cross border mergers and acquisitions. In most cases, as Zhang Rong states, cross border mergers and acquisitions are transactions involving large sums of money which ta ke in widely varied cultures. The term culture in cross border transaction elicits different definitions from among the involved players. In most cases, you will find that players from one side of the border hold a different view of the business culture while another set of players from the other side of the border have their own view. Entering into a cross border merger and acquisition exercise without fully integrating these differing views on business culture will be a mistake of dire consequences that those involved will have done. In fact, business culture is a wide topic which in most cases will include the different business and market philosophies held by the two or more merging businesses in a cross border merger and acquisition transaction. It will be proper only when a team is set up to strategize on how cultural integration will be conducted.Some of the topics that the team set up to strategize on cultural integration will have to handle will include business philosophie s and market strategic positioning. Every business always has its own philosophy from which all its strategies and ambitions stem up from. Therefore, it may be quite a daunting task in trying to have the cross border businesses to with draw their philosophies given the fact that almost everything in regard to management will remain intact regardless of the merger and acquisition exercise. The team set for cultural integration purposes in cross border mergers and acquisitions will have to ensure that a new business culture is developed that will be inclusive of all the aspects as previously held by the cultures of the involved businesses. This will certainly be a tough task but the involved businesses ought to do everything in their power to ensure that a single but effective business culture is adopted which will help the newly born business entity attain its ambitions as per to the terms and conditions of the merger.3. BUSINESS POLICIESEvery country has its own business policies. T hese policies often outline how business should be conducted while in specific areas. The policies determine how successful or unsuccessful business becomes in the markets of such countries. For instance, in cross border merger and acquisitions, the involved businesses come from different countries with unique business policies. For business A which has all along operated in a specific country, it may have learned to adjust itself in the best way possible in order to meet its own ambitions as per to the policy guidelines stipulated and set in that country. This scenario also repeats for business B which has operated in a specific country. When these two businesses will merge and start operating in any one of the involved countries, it is possible that business ambitions may be hindered given the fact that one of the businesses will not have effectively adapted to the new policies in this new country. However, this may not be a persistent problem as sooner or later; the business will adjust and cope with the policy demands.In most countries, business policies abhor monopolies. According to Vanessa Zhang,  a monopoly is a situation where a single business entity controls a specific product or commodity in a specific market. Realistically, such abhorrence is beneficial as it ensures consumer protection from exploitation by businesses. Cross border mergers and acquisitions are often viewed as a precedent to monopolies. When a business merges with another, there is a likelihood that market competition for the provision of such a product to the consumers will cease to exist. With no competition in the market, the new business enters into a monopoly which diminishes the consumers’ power to choose from a wide range of businesses before picking on what business to buy from. This is often viewed as an unfair business practice and most countries have crafted policies to control cross border mergers and acquisition with an aim of discouraging monopolies. Therefore, when in the quest of trying to initiate a cross border merger and acquisition exercise, it is important that such monopoly controlling policies are fully understood lest the gets illegalized in the country where it is to be conducted.4. TAXATIONTaxation is always one of the most challenging issues in the practice of business. The taxation challenges are magnified in cross border mergers and acquisitions. In most cases the acquiring firm, being that it operates in a foreign land will have to pay higher taxation rates than its competitors in business that will be classified as local businesses. The unequal tax rates between the foreign owned business and the locally owned business in cross border mergers and acquisitions often work against the ambitions of the acquiring firm. As there develops an unfair playground in relation to tax remittance to the authorities of the country where the transaction is to take place, realizing sustainable profitability always becomes elusive. Therefore, it becomes an important requirement that the taxation aspect of business is keenly considered before venturing into cross border mergers and acquisitions.In addition to this, it is important that all the specifications and guidelines on how and when tax should be remitted to authorities once the cross border merger and acquisition venture has been initiated should be fully understood. History has it that some businesses have been penalized, fined or banned from operating in some countries due to their failure to remit taxes as per to the laid down procedures. Therefore, it is important that all taxation practices as spelled out in taxation laws and guidelines of various countries are keenly studied before initiating cross border mergers and acquisitions. This is the best way to ensure that the acquiring business in a cross border merger and acquisition exercise will fully benefit from the venture.5. GENERAL BUSINESS CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRYIn most cases, business success will be dete rmined by a number of conditions in the countries where the business has been set up. Conditions such as guaranteed provision of security and availability of reliable and convenient insurance policies and plans should be fully catered for. With the large amounts of money involved in cross border mergers and acquisition exercises, it is a demand that these conditions are availed without any form of delay. Delays in the provision of such useful pro-business conditions in cross border mergers and acquisitions may prove disastrous to the acquiring firm. The large amounts of funds that are pumped into the cross border merger exercise should guarantee of their security at all times and any aspect of threat to such a business should be fully eliminated.Conditions of effective business should be streamlined to ensure that there is a guarantee of returns on investment in cross border merger and acquisition transactions. Unless there are such safe conditions to practice business, the transact ion will fail and the losses that may be incurred may be beyond contemplation. Realistically, cross border mergers and acquisitions are expensive ventures that demand the best of conditions on and off the market. In addition to the internal business strategies, there should be an assurance from the authorities in the new country that the involved business will be safe and no disruptions will hinder its maximum performance. This is a necessary commitment given the fact that cross border mergers and acquisitions often provides economic benefits that such countries require for the development and growth of their countries. Therefore, before initiating cross border mergers and acquisitions, the involved business should ensure that the conditions of practicing business in whatever countries where the merger and acquisition will be performed ought to be safe and disruption free all through the duration of business practice.Cross border mergers and acquisitions are complex ventures that re quire proper planning, management and ethical conduct before they are initiated. Failure to fully venture into these three practices will lead to failure and such failure will always result in the loss of large sums of money. Every step that will be taken when in the quest to attain a successful cross border merger and acquisition transaction must be identified, analyzed and then a decision on whether to take it or not be made. A cross border merger and acquisition exercise should never be a one man show but rather an exercise in which every player and stakeholder fully takes part in before any decisions are made. It is of great importance that every view and opinion that may be raised by those charged with the responsibility of ensuring a successful cross border merger and acquisition exercise is taken with the seriousness that it deserves.In conclusion, cross border mergers and acquisitions should be treated as important ventures given the often critical implications that they com e with. Therefore, all the above described factors ought to be fully considered before any decision of whether to allow the transaction or not is made. Failure to consider the above factors may lead to complications which may alter the route to success. However, the above discussed factors should only form the basis of what should be considered in cross border mergers and acquisitions. Realistically, every cross border merger and acquisition transaction tend to vary hence the need to ensure that every such transaction is analyzed per its unique demands and specifications.

My Memories About My Childhood - 853 Words

I do not have a lot of fantastic memories about my childhood, but I have never forgot a person who accompanied me through my early childhood--my grandfather, Shuzhen Wang. Although he died when I was seven years old, Wang is one of my family member who I really respect and thankful for. He spent his last few years to teach me how to be a person who I want to be. In my mind, he was versatile, warm-heart, adamant, and upbeat person. My grandfather was very versatile and warm-heart, and in my mind he could do everything such as a superman. His talents showed on many ways, especially in literature, calligraphy and shoot. Our family live in a militarized factory where my grandfather moved in. I had been doubted about why my grandfather from a big and modernization city move into a small and lagging city. However, after Wang passed away for a few years, I read a book what is written by him, then I found the answer that he gave up a cozy life and high-paid job moved this factory was he wa nted to help poor people learn the newest technology. Movever, I heard from older people that my grandfather was an author and his works usually showed on newspaper. In addition, he was a calligraphy enthusiast. As a result, a lot of people asked he for naming to the newborn, as well my special and meaningful name Yifei is given by him. More important, he was a hunter. My grandfather spent his half free time in the mountain to hunting some wild fowls and taught my father how to hunt.Show MoreRelatedWhy I Chose The Word Childhood1395 Words   |  6 Pagesthose people would never talk about the heartbreak they have gone through loving another. They would never speak of the dark corners of their souls exposed to someone who didn’t care or worse scared and stopped. Love changes every day. That’s why I chose a different route a more challenging route. I chose the word Childhood. The definition of childhood is a â€Å"period of life from birth to puberty† with the e tymology being old English. Everybody has experienced childhood, and everybody has a differentRead MoreEssay about Childhood 681 Words   |  3 PagesChildhood is present in every adult. The immaturity, the innocence, the naivety, the thirst for approval, is craved in everyone around you. Memories of childhood can be represented in many ways: a blanket, stuffed animal, rattle, song, or maybe even a movie. We can cling to these things for support in times of need, or just to recall fond memories of a simpler, and in most cases happier time. As our lives change around us, and we change to adapt to our lives we recall these items. We return toRead MoreMy Favorite Memories As A Kid1180 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood memory One of my favorite memories as a kid was the time me my sister and the twin neighbors decided that today was a good day to swim. It was probably late april or early may, the pool had been sitting out since last summer and the water had turned green. I of course had to go test out the water, as I was taking my shoes and socks off I went to take a closer look at the water when suddenly my younger sister jumped straight in. She got up and started to cry because the water was full ofRead MoreMy Childhood Experience1389 Words   |  6 PagesEverybody has grown up differently. Everybody has different stories, different memories, and different hardships that have shaped who they are as a person. When most people think of their childhood they think of family night board games. They think of running off to the park with their best friends, laughing on swingsets and hopping scotch until they were out of breath. They have memories of vacations, funny stories at family gatherings, or that one t ime they fell of their bike and their dad carriedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cherry Orchard By Anton Chekchard1678 Words   |  7 Pagesor bad, past memories can either motivate people to change and grow or cause people to remain stagnant. This is especially true for Madame Ranevsky, Lopakhin, and Firs from The Cherry Orchard, by Anton Chekhov. The Cherry Orchard is a comedic play about a widow, Madame Ranevsky, who is in the process of losing her beloved cherry orchard due to the debt that she has collected following the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. Madame Ranevsky, Lopakhin, and Firs all have different memories of the pastRead MoreChildhood Summer Memories704 Words   |  3 Pagesit was one of the best moment I could think of my childhood that happened in the summer, where good time start it and not too far off that it sound it like that we played in the water and we figured since it is a bit hot outside i was going to six flags and having some fun with our family and friend having an enjoyable time. Few things I would say about my childhood was also the summer time, when the sun was hitting my body my mom used to worry about me a lot so I would not get dark so she would tellRead MoreMy First Place For Ice Cream After Dinner !938 Words   |  4 Pageschild one of my mother’s favourite motivational tools to make me behave involved her saying, â€Å"if you’re good we’ll go for ice cream after dinner!†. She cleverly knew I loved the cold treat and using it as an incentive reward became part of her parental repertoire. From the first time she used such tactics I was hooked. Going out for ice cream quickly became the beginning of something very special for me growing up in the Hamilton area. My hot summers were marked by many childhood memories, but oneRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood867 Words   |  4 PagesPirates! Who has not heard about them, their astonishing adventures and treasure chests packed with jewels, gold a nd other important objects? What would be our impression if we found a chest from centuries ago packed with several objects rather than gold? Would we consider them valuable? Probably not, but they could have been priceless and unique to the owner. People bestow special value of some objects according to an experience, emotion or hidden message associated with them. I have a chest withRead MoreIntegrated Analysis Of Service Learning Age Group Late Childhood Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesour bodies capabilities decline in older adulthood. In this semester, I focused on one portion of development in particular. I chose to concentrate on late childhood—around ages ten to twelve—because I had no prior knowledge of this age group other than my own personal experiences. My service learning experience with these astute kids opened my eyes to the significance of the body and mind’s ability to expand at such a young age. It is a time of their lives where it is importan t to be exposed to knewRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood959 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"I want to go back In those childhood days, not to change anything but to feel few things twice.†- M S Dhoni . The experiences of my past are undeniable. It goes without saying that my childhood was more than just a learning salient experience. Those are my greatest memories! This is an essay is not only on my childhood, but also about the lessons I have learned throughout my childhood, It was an unforgettable experience of fear, shame, pain, loss, freedom, forgiveness, happiness, kindness, emotions

Cancer - 1029 Words

LUNG CANCER NAME: INSTRUCTOR: COURSE: DATE: OUTLINE Cancer is a disease that results to an abnormal growth of the cells and form tumors which may spread throughout the body leading to the body malfunction (Radon amp; Raymond, P4). While there are various types of cancer such as lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer among others, this paper will focus on lung cancer and will major in the following: †¢ The main causes of lung cancer †¢ The origin of lung cancer †¢ Transmission of lung cancer †¢ Signs and symptoms of lung cancer †¢ Diagnosis of lung cancer and finally †¢ The prognosis of the disease Lung cancer occurs when the cell of the lung grows abnormally. The abnormal†¦show more content†¦A sample of the fluid is taken by a needle and then it is examined for cancer cells. c) Bronchoscopy. Through the mouth or nose, a tube is connected to enable the view of the lungs and remove lung tissue that might be examined d) Video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS). Biopsies are of paramount importance in this case. Therefore, for the purposes of examination, the doctor introduces a thin cylinder on which a small video machine is attached into the affected lung. This procedure enables the doctor to perform biopsies. e) Blood test. This is the test carried out to identify the quantity of red-blood cells, platelets and white blood cells in the blood (Lungcancer.org, para 4) f) Fine-needle aspiration. This is done by computed tomography. A pathologists carries out this procedure so that he/she can be abls to evaluate the patient at the lymph node hence if it is infected, the infected cells are removed. g.) g) Pulmonary tests. They are procedures carried out to determine the capacity of respiration in the lungs. hence, the procedure enhances the identification of the patients’ capability to tolerate any radiation treatment. Prognosis of lung cancer. This is the probability to cure lung cancer. It depends on factors such as symptoms, type of lung, the patient status, cancer, and finally the location of the cancer. If untreated SCLC has an average survival time up to four months. It is only a smallShow MoreRelatedCancer : Cancer And Cancer1673 Words   |  7 PagesCancer Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases in 2012.2 The amount of new cases is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decades. Cancer which causes nearly 1 in 6 deaths, is the second leading cause of death globally, and was responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globallyRead MoreCancer And Cancer1309 Words   |  6 Pagesmanuscript was indicating how a particular gene is connected to how tumors/cancer are suppressed and how tumors/cancer also grow and multiply. When the codon is manipulated and mutated, the point in which the codon becomes altered, or the point in which the p53 gene is stimulated, forms reactions that may be harmful or can be non-threatening. The reaction that could be harmful could generate destruction to the gene and therefore form cancer. A non -threatening reaction may cause a reconstruction in the mutationRead MoreOvarian Cancer : Cancer And Cancer988 Words   |  4 Pages Ovarian cancer is a disease in which malignant or cancerous cells are found in the ovaries. The ovaries are two small organs that are located on each side of the uterus. The way cancer develops is when cells begin to grow out of control. Cancer cells are different from normal cells because they continue to grow and instead of dying, they create abnormal cells that form into a tumor. Woman around age 35-74, ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death. The earlier this cancer is treated theRead MoreCancer : Cancer And Cancer1998 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract In women, one of the most common cancers of course is breast cancer, in men prostate cancer and in men and women, lung cancer and colon cancer are common cancers. It is important to understand that the cancer that occurs in one individual is very different from the cancer that occurs in another. Everyone is different; a lung tumor in one person will be different from a lung tumor in another person. Once a diagnosis of cancer is made, the next obvious question is what do you do? ThereRead MoreCancer And Cancer705 Words   |  3 PagesI would refer a family friend or colleague to the American Cancer Society (ACS) website where a huge selection of support programs is offered throughout treatment and recovery (ACS, 2017c). There is an entire section dedicated to assisting with finding resources in whatever area someone is in or near and different programs from which to choose (ACS, 2017c). Visitors of the website can also filter their search based on an array of different choices ra nging from, but not limited to, advocacy, assistanceRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1341 Words   |  6 PagesWhat I chose to research on my cancer project was breast cancer, since breast cancer is one of the second deadliest cancers among women I felt like I should research into this topic more in-depth. Anyone, no matter male or female, we are born with some breast cells and tissue. Even though males do not develop milk-producing breasts, a man s breast cells and tissue can still develop cancer. Male breast cancer is very rare, yet more fatale because they are less likely to assume the lump is possiblyRead MoreOvarian Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1577 Words   |  7 PagesOvarian cancer is also one of the cancer that is affecting millions of women in today’s world. The previous researches were claiming that ovarian cancer comes from ovary cells. However, studies have found that ovarian cancer could be coming from fallopian tube. Dr. Burdette’s lab researched how fallopian tube can be contributing to ovarian cancer, and her research shows strong evidence of how does it occurs. It is very important to find a cure for ovarian cancer, otherwise deaths due to ovarian cancerRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1115 Words   |  5 Pagesaround the world develops the most common disease called Breast Cancer. In the United States, about 200,000 women suffer from this disease and it causes more than 40,000 death each year. Breast cancer is a cancer cell (malignant tumor) that forms in the breast. The cancerous cells grow in the breast and then invade the healthy cells and the surrounding tissues of the breast and it can also spread into other parts of the body. Breast cancer is more common in women but men can also get it too. One of theRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer896 Words   |  4 PagesBefore going in depth, let us first define what breast cancer is. According to the National Breast Cancer.Org â€Å"Cancer is a broad ter m for a class of diseases characterized by abnormal cells that grow and invade healthy cells in the body. Breast cancer starts in the cells of the breast as a group of cancer cells that can then invade surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body.† Cancer begins in the cells which are the basic building blocks that make up tissue. Tissue isRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1831 Words   |  8 PagesBreast Cancer Studies shows men are diagnosed with breast cancer contrary to the perception that this disease is solely diagnose in women. What is breast cancer in men? Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts from cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that may grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread metastasize to distance of the body (Article 1).Women Manly have breast cancer but men can get it also. Some people doesn’t realize that men have breast tissues

The Theory of Social Contracts Free Essays

The period of Enlightenment ushered in an age of intellectual development as well as theoretical formations on the concept of society. English political thinker Thomas Hobbes and French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau posit political treatises on the formation of social contracts as a necessity of man and eventually leads to the establishment of an ideal government. The paper will discuss first the concept of man’s nature according to both philosophers in order to determine the reason behind the formation of such contracts which will subsequently lead to the conception of governments and sovereignty. We will write a custom essay sample on The Theory of Social Contracts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hobbes proposes that man is essentially at war with other men, motivated by personal desire and fear of death that inhibits the formation of a peaceful society. Rousseau however, contradicts Hobbes argument of man as naturally at war but looks into a different state wherein man possesses compassion which enables the formation of ideal relationships and eventually, social contracts. We look into Hobbes’s viewpoint in his treatise Leviathan and compare and contrast several arguments with Rousseau’s On The Origin of Inequality and Social Contracts. Hobbes’ Natural Man and Covenants Hobbes’ political theory in Leviathan stipulates the formation of covenants as the final end of man’s actions, transgressing from his natural state wherein man is in constant war with himself and with others. First, we define Hobbes’ argument on the natural state of man that provides the basis of conflict. In comparison with Rousseau’s viewpoint, the nature of social contracts is reversed, wherein Rousseau’s notion of social conventions is negative compared to Hobbes’ notion of contracts as a deviation from the erring state of human nature. Hobbes argues: â€Å"For every man look that his companion should value him at the same rate he sets upon himself, and upon all signs of contempt or undervaluing naturally endeavor to extort a greater value from his condemners. So that in the nature of man, we find three principal causes of quarrel. First, competition; secondly, diffidence; thirdly, glory (Hobbes 84). The primitive state of man is bordered on Hobbes’ statement â€Å"where every man is enemy to every man† (Hobbes 85). Each individual is focused on the aspiration for personal gain, thus creating conflict or an unharmonious relationship because of completion (gain), diffidence (safety, self-preservation), and glory (reputation). The chaotic context provided in Hobbes argument consequently inhibits the concept of justice in a particular social setting. Since man is motivated by personal gain, the fear of death through self-preservation, and personal glory, there is no concept of right and wrong or even justice. Where there is no common power, there is no law; where no law, no injustice† (Hobbes 85). Thus, we see Hobbes attempt to present his first law on man’s natural state: that man, motivated by personal gain, sets himself in conflict with other men who pursue the same object. He then narrates â€Å"the passions that incline men to peace are: fear of death; desire of such things as are necessary to commodious living; and a hope by their industry to obtain them† (Hobbes 86). According to Hobbes, the natural law governing social relationships is motivated by the passions; specifically, man’s fear of death. Thus, the first natural law, in context with the natural state, is that every man has innate rights or liberty to will himself to self-preservation and that one can do anything to his body, even to another person. As long as this natural law exists, there can be no harmonious buildup of society. The second law then obligates man to create peace or to achieve peace through any means necessary and from here, man is then obligated to set such rule to all and that every right of man is necessary to be withdrawn or transferred in order to build peace; since to maintain the second rule, man will be constantly at war. The renouncement of rights is essentially good in itself because it aspires for the majority rather than the self, governed by selfish passions. However, such rights are not to be taken away by force or for an individual to force himself of withdrawing his own, since â€Å"he cannot be understood to aim thereby at any good to himself† (Hobbes 91). Renouncement of rights should be voluntary and by choice, in order to determine the goodness which will benefit the majority. Thus, social contracts or covenants are formed. Hobbes argues that for a man to achieve peace, it is necessary to break away, through the tenets of reason, from the natural state wherein every individual is motivated by personal gain and fear of death. This fear motivates the individual, in relation to self-preservation, to create contracts with other men in order to achieve peace, wherein the value of life becomes the unifying factor for all; thus creating peace and harmony. Covenants are then considered to be the agreements that will benefit two parties aspiring for different objects. Justice then presents itself in the presence of covenants, for justice occurs when an individual performs or acts upon the agreement or covenant while injustice is the failure to establish covenants which inadvertently places the individual in his former natural state. Hobbes definition of the natural state and the natural law focuses on the importance of self-preservation or the fear of the death in relation to the individual. In contrast with Rousseau, the formation of contract is that of beneficial to man rather than Rousseau’s argument that society itself that provides inequality and conflict. Contracts, through reason, necessitate a societal framework that is governed by the inexpressible right of every man to survival and preservation of life. The Commonwealth. For Hobbes, the ideal form of government is the formation of the commonwealth which acts as the â€Å"final cause, end or design of men (who naturally love liberty and dominion over others) in the introduction of that restraint upon themselves, in which we see them live in Commonwealths, is the foresight of their own preservation, and of a more contented life thereby† (Hobbes 116). The formation of covenants, which represent a duty-bound notion to aspire for peaceful societal conditions, inevitably leads to its conception wherein the withdrawal of individual rights is penultimate toward its formation. Conventions serve the function as a mean toward the aspiration of the common power or will of the majority. Common power acts as a protection against external attack or injuries that an individual may cause upon the other and is formed through the transcendence of personal right to a man or an assembly: â€Å"Confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their will, by plurality of their voice, unto one will: which is as much to say, to appoint one man, or assembly of men, to bear their person† (Hobbes 118). Every man should then willingly state: â€Å"I authorize and give up my right of governing myself to this man, or to this assembly of men, on this condition; that thou give up thy right to him and authorize all his action in like manner† (Hobbes 118). We take into context a mix between a democracy (representation of the few) and monarchy (rule by a sovereign). However, Hobbes’ monarchy is not entirely absolute, ruled by the elite or loyalty; rather Hobbes’ conception of monarchy focuses on the rule of a sovereign where powers are granted by the conventions of the majority. From such, the sovereign is then obligated to perform the powers bestowed upon the social covenants; the sovereign itself being a representation of the general will of the people. The Commonwealth The sovereign, either instituted in one man or an assembly of men, is bestowed power of the withheld rights by society or subjects. As sovereign, its responsibility lies on any action or authorization to ensure the presence of duration of peace and to create any means necessary to protect individuals from others as well as to protect attacks from other societies. According to Hobbes, there are only three kinds of commonwealth and nothing else; a democracy, monarchy, or aristocracy. Hobbes does not believe that no man aspires for a turbulent and rocky society. However, Hobbes is partial toward a monarchial government, which, according to him, generally embodies the conventions made by man, and in essence, the nature of a commonwealth: â€Å"The riches power and honor of a monarch arise only from the riches, strength, and reputation of his subject. For no king can be rich nor glorious, nor secure, whose subjects are either poor, or contemptible, or too weak through want, or dissension† (Hobbes 130). Amor Propre and Civil Society On the other hand, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s work Discourse on Inequality and Social Contract primarily present arguments against Hobbes’ definition on the natural state of man in contrast with social systems and conventions. Rousseau argues on the condition of the human soul as it progresses from its distinct natural form up until the pure state of man is transformed through social relationships or systems. First, he argues the physical differences of man, which in essence, does not ultimately provide a firm basis of inequality: I conceive that there are two kinds of inequality among the human species; one which I call natural or physical, because it is established by nature, and consists in a difference of age, health, bodily strength, and the qualities of the mind or the soul; and another, which may be called moral or political inequality, because it depends on a kind of convention. (Rousseau 1) Apart from physical differences, inequality falls under the moral or political sense. In the context of social structure, inequality lies on the ladder of power and wealth, wherein the notion of civil society is created by the rich in order to suppress the poor of wealth and maintain power among the elite few. In contrast with Hobbes, Rousseau presents a different view of man’s natural state wherein man is savage in nature wherein ideas are generated by sense experience. But in opposition to regular animals, man has reason that establishes himself apart from common animals. The natural behavior of man is similar to that of Hobbes’ viewpoint but differs in motivation. According to Rousseau, the basic instinct of man is self-preservation, free will and compassion; the last being the most important part in man’s natural state wherein Hobbes contends to man’s natural war with the other. He contends Hobbes’ view of man’s nature which compels him with the fear of death. However, Rousseau argues: â€Å"the knowledge of death and its terrors being one of the first acquisitions made by man in departing from an animal state† (Rousseau 17). In contrast, Hobbes’ provides death as a motivator for withdrawing personal rights in order to achieve peace while Rousseau presents reason as a way of fighting the irrational passions that push him out of his natural state. In addition, compassion is the important natural virtue that contradicts selfish impulses or vices which come from the passions or irrational tendencies of man. Rousseau narrates that Hobbes’ definition of man does not provide himself with an idea of goodness, that man may be considered as evil. Rousseau’s view presents man, in his primitive state, as essentially good, and possesses virtue. â€Å"so many writers have hastily concluded that man is naturally cruel, and requires civil institutions to make him more mild; whereas nothing is more gentle than man in his primitive state, as he is placed by nature at an equal distance from the stupidity of brutes† (Rousseau 47). Compassion is the most important aspect of man, along with innate desires of preservation, reason and free will. It is this compassion that hurries us without reflection to the relief of those who are in distress: it is this which in a state of nature supplies the place of laws, morals, and virtue, with the advantage that none are tempted to disobey its gentle voice† (Rousseau 31). Compassion generates interaction with other men and the natural instinct of self-preservation, as times continue to progress, enables the individual to improve living conditions. Thus, the combination of compass ion, reason, self-preservation enables the individual to form conventions with other men. However, the problem lies with the development of amour propre, the subsequent regularity of conventions where man’s reason is garbled to a false sense of dependency on the individuals through improvement of self-perception and acquiring favor. The natural, non-invasive self-love is transformed to a more self-centered and jealous love of others. â€Å"Man must now, therefore, have been perpetually employed in getting others to interest themselves in his lot and in making them, apparently at least, if not really, find their advantage in promoting his own† (Rousseau 51). This corrosive notion of self-love produces competition, comparison with others, hatred, and the continuous search of ambition and power: â€Å"In a word, there arose rivalry and competition on the one hand and conflicting interests on the other, together with a secret desire on both profiting at the expense of others† (Rousseau 51). The Social Contract Thus, Rousseau defines man’s state of nature as it develops amour propre. To deviate from the natural state, the formation of social contract is evident in order to rid of the evils pertaining civil society. According to Rousseau, the conception of social contracts delimits the individual from inequality and therefore frees himself from the trappings of social classification. The purpose of the contract is to establish a body that will inadvertently defend the rights of the individual and the right of society as a while. Similar to that of Hobbes’ notion, social contracts are meant to deviate the condition of human nature from its amoral/evil sense in order to create society focused on peace. The social contract, in Rousseau’s perspective, is founded on the presence of the general will: â€Å"Each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will, and in our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole† (Rousseau Social Contract, 59). The general will is the summation of all opinions of the majority, which in turn acts as an abstract form that aims toward the good of all. Rousseau also posits the idea of a sovereign which acts a representative of the people. The people however, in Rousseau’s form of government, are not represented by senators or magistrates but represent themselves as a symbol of the general will. Sovereign Similarities Both philosophers argue on the importance of social contracts in establishing relationships with people in order to construct an acceptable and peaceful social framework. Both stress the importance of the ‘natural’ law of man to deviate himself from his primary state and is obligated to create a world without indifference and conflict through commonality of opinions and desire. The difference lies on both philosophers account of man’s nature, wherein Hobbes argues that man is essentially evil and it is through civil relationship that man refines himself and achieves peace. Rousseau contradicts Hobbes’ arguments that he had failed to include compassion as a virtue in man’s natural state. Rousseau opines negatively toward civil societies, that conventions itself ruin man’s natural state through social classification and levels of power. Instead, Rousseau posits man as a docile creature until society corrupts his natural state. On the subject of contracts, both thinkers apply the same rule for the formation of social agreement as majority of society transfers its rights toward a sovereign that which governs and protects them. However, Hobbes is partial toward a monarchial government wherein it is suited with the embodiment of his covenants while Rousseau proposes the same powers for a sovereign but also adds the presence of the government to mitigate the function of the sovereign who acts as the representation of the general will while the government attends to particular or private wills. Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments Economic theorist Adam Smith proposes on his treatise Theory of Moral Sentiments the formation of a consciousness in the perspective of a leader, or in Rousseau’s/Hobbes’ context, a sovereign, in order to determine, apart from proper behavior, the rules and regulations that one must impose upon the subjects of society. Smith narrates: â€Å"We suppose ourselves the spectators of our own behavior, and to endeavor to imagine what effect it would, in this light produce upon us† (Smith 112). In context of a sovereign, it is essential, according to Smith, to examine actions and decisions through a detached position wherein the leader supposes himself to be a common citizen that according to theory, provides the power and responsibility of governance. Thus, rules imposed upon the subjects of sovereignty should be taken into proper consideration by the sovereign, so as to measure the worth and value of behavior reflection upon society, according to Smith. For example, a ruler’s ethical behavior is dependent on the laws in which he imposes over the ruled. Harsh policies that generally disfavor society imply that the ruler may be arrogant and selfish and therefore does not suit the position. Lenient policies on the other hand may imply a carefree attitude with the lack of seriousness that a good leader must possess. Thus, rules and impositions should situate itself in the middle rather than the extreme and through Smith’s propositions, the leader must then view rules as an ordinary citizen. In relation to Hobbes’ and Rousseau’s social theories, the concept of the sovereign is created by the people and represents the general will. Therefore, there is an implication of a natural balance of power between the governed and the sovereign. In Hobbes view, the sovereign’s duty is dictated or authored by the subjects and therefore cannot harm the governed whether through abuse or dereliction of duty; rather, the formation of laws and policies are in relation toward the fulfillment of the commonwealth’s purpose – that is, the preservation of peace. However, Hobbes monarchial standpoint does not entirely agree with Smith’s proposition since the monarch, utilizing the commonwealth’s purpose, has the power of censorship on speech, publication or any other form of expression that may disturb the peaceful status quo. Thus, Smith’s proposal cannot be applied with Hobbes’s notion of government. However, Rousseau takes into consideration the general will of the populace that also gives right and power to the sovereign. But Rousseau does not imply the purpose of peace in his government; rather, he focuses on the general will as given power. The sovereign has then the duty to make sure that laws do not violate the freedom of every individual for it is they who had created power in the first place. How to cite The Theory of Social Contracts, Papers

Analysis of Tone in Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney Essay Sample free essay sample

Mid-Term Break was written by Seamus Heaney. This verse form is depicting a decease of a younger sibling. The talker describes the scene as being really emotional and besides overbearing for the talker. Heaney uses intimations. rimes. outward visual aspects. and the usage of being indirect to put the tone of this verse form. When the talker returns place from school. he appears to be stoic for his outward visual aspect. As people came to him they told him. â€Å"And tell me they were ‘sorry for my problem. ’ susurrations informed aliens I was the eldest. off at school. as my female parent held my manus. † ( 10-12. ) These three lines show his stoic visual aspect as people talk to him. and when he holds his mother’s manus like a kid. When these people talk to him he remains taciturn. and unchanging. Heaney intimations about clip through mundane things that we do non detect to be of import. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Tone in Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"I sat all forenoon in the college ill bay. numbering bells knelling categories to a stopping point. † ( 2 ) is an illustration of clip passing by. After visualizing the bells pealing on the hr. it gives a drab feeling. This feeling is about the idea about how the clip is merely ticking by. and as all of it will merely be a memory shortly plenty. For the reader the significance of the verse form is indirect until the last line. There is an eerie feeling about it until the reading of the last line. â€Å"a four pes box. a pes for every twelvemonth. † The last line ( 22 ) ends the verse form to go forth an imprint with the reader. While reading. most people do non truly anticipate the asleep individual to really be a four-year old kid. With certain people who have experienced the decease of their kid. or even a niece or nephew they can understand the feelings the talker has. For other people who have non hold had experience of a kid go throughing it would be really difficult for them to understand. Heaney does non utilize rime at all until the last line ( 22 ) . He used this method to hold an impact with the reader. as said before. With utilizing this method it makes the reader take a measure back and recognize how old this individual is. From realisation it takes a difficult blow. and could potentially set the reader in a melancholic temper. For the speaker’s outward visual aspect he appears to be stoic. and taciturn. Heaney intimations about clip merely passing by. With being indirect until the last line and merely holding rhyme in the last line Heaney imprints the reader. With utilizing these qualities it helps put the tone. and leave an imprint with the reader.

Confucianism and its Effects on Human Rights Development

Age of Majority in Canada

Age of Majority in Canada The age of majority in Canada is the age at which a person is considered by law to be an adult. A person younger than the age of majority is considered a minor child. The age of majority in Canada is determined by each province and territory in Canada and varies between the ages of 18 and 19. At the age of majority, the responsibility of parents, guardians, or child protective services generally ends. However, child support is determined by the court or agreement for each case and therefore may continue past the age of majority. Upon reaching the age of majority, the new adult now has the right to vote. Other rights may be achieved at younger ages, while some are reserved for ages past the age of majority. Age of Majority by Province or Territory in Canada The age of majority in the individual provinces and territories of Canada is as follows: Alberta:  18British Columbia:  19Manitoba:  18New Brunswick:  19Newfoundland and Labrador:  19Northwest Territories: 19Nova Scotia:  19Nunavut:  19Ontario: 18Prince Edward Island:  18Quebec:  18Saskatchewan:  18Yukon Territory: 19 Legal Age in Canada The legal age is set for various rights and activities and is also known as the age of license. It may or may not match the age of majority in a province or territory. Even when it does, there may be other conditions such as mental capacity that can restrict some individuals.  Legal ages also often  differ as to whether the individual needs the consent of a parent or guardian or not for an activity. It is important to check the laws and regulations of each jurisdiction to find the applicable legal age for an activity. Because the age of majority varies between 18 and 19, nationwide programs such as sweepstakes often limit entry to age 19 for consistency. Criminal responsibility begins at age 12 in Canada, with individuals protected by the Youth Criminal Justice Act until age 17. By age 14, a youth could be sentenced as an adult. The right to work begins at age 12, with the consent of a parent or guardian. At age 15, the individual can work without the need for consent. However, a person is not entitled to a full minimum wage until age 18. Joining the armed forces is allowed with parental consent at age 17 and without consent at age 19. The legal age is as low as 12 for the right of consent for being adopted, working with the consent of parent or guardian, or name changes with permission of the parent or guardian. Age of Consent for Sexual Activity in Canada The general age of consent in Canada in 16. However, there are exemptions for close-in-age sexual activity, which depend on the age of the younger partner. At age 12 and 13, an individual can consent to activity with a person no more than two years older. At age 14 and 15, a person may consent to activity with another person less than five years older.

Western Worldview on Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Western Worldview on Environment - Research Paper Example For example, greenhouse gases that diminish the ozone affect the weather system which in turn affects the lives and homes of people. A hurricane can put out electrical power for several weeks leaving thousands without the ability to heat their homes, store food, and function in the ways they have become accustomed to. People need to stop thinking of only themselves and realize that each one of us is a part of a larger whole. To that whole we each have a responsibility as a member, but it also may turn out that by being environmentally conscious our own lives are also improved. One part of subscribing to the western worldview is the expectation of acquisition. One is reminded of this expectation especially at this time of year when the dominant image is of shopping and acquiring goods. At one time I subscribed to the idea that buying stuff was good: good for me who got stuff, and good for the economy because it helped to keep jobs and move money around. When the economy recently slowe d down, I heard a lot of people talking about getting by with less by recycling and reusing. I started thinking of ways I could participate. Chris Johnstone of the Deep Ecology Institute explains it as â€Å"a holistic approach to facing world problems that brings together thinking, feeling, spirituality and action. It involves moving beyond the individualism of Western culture towards also seeing ourselves as part of the earth. This leads to a deeper connection with life, where Ecology is not just seen as something 'out there', but something we are part of and have a role to play in† (Johnstone). Reusing and/or recycling as a system depends upon and affects the economy as a system and so forth. Admittedly my motive was to save money, but that motive grew as I started thinking of ways to stretch my dollar by being environmentally savvy. For instance, I found out that I actually prefer to wear jeans dried on the clothes line over jeans dried in an electric dryer. However, when I have to use my dryer, I leave the kitchen door open so it helps to heat my kitchen. I also cut down on the use of both my washer and my dryer by wearing my jeans more than once before I wash them. Besides saving money and energy using my dryer and my clothes line, I also stopped driving my car to the store and started riding my bicycle. I have to make more trips more often, but I am not using an energy source other than the one I generate, and by moving about under my own steam instead of some dead dinosaur’s, I am improving my health and my physical appearance. So, the health of the earth’s inhabitants as a system depends upon the environmental system. Last year I started a compost pile in my yard, so when spring rolled around I had some free fertilizer which I added to some dirt. Then I planted tomatoes, green beans, and some peppers in the pile of dirt and compost. I got to eat fresh veggies all summer. Again my health is improved by improving the soil (the earth ) and the interrelated systems of the natural world demonstrate dependence on each other. Some people believe that they are excluded from being a part of the whole when it comes to environmental consciousness. These people are Christians. As a child I was taught that Jesus was going to return to earth and take all the believers to heaven with him. This was supposed to happen at any moment, so there was no reason for preserving the natural resources because the world would not be around much longer. I no longer believe that, but many people do and that causes these people to discount the importance of preserving the environment. Unfortunately, if anyone dares to speak out against this policy, others would accuse them

Linguistic Data Collection with Critical Commentary Essay

Linguistic Data Collection with Critical Commentary - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is linguistics, the study of the structure and nature of a language. Traditionally, it encompasses syntax, phonology and semantics. Synchronic study of linguistics aims at describing a language as it appears at the time. Diachronic studies describe a language in its historical development. The philosophers from Greek brought a debate on the origin of language. They were the first in the Western countries to get concern about the theory of linguistic. Thrax Dionysus wrote the first Greek grammar during the first century Before Christ. It was a roman grammar model that led to Renaissance and medieval vernacular grammars. The rise of linguistics historically in the 19th century enabled it to become a science. During early 20th and late 19th centuries, a linguistic structuralist school was set up by Ferdinand de sausure. It allowed analysis of actual speech and learning about the basis and structure of a language. Noam chosky argued in 1950s that, struc turalist program must study native speakers’ competence and not the performance. His approach to linguistic is referred to as transformational generative grammar was revised severally in the recent period to become an extended theory. It is also important to look at discourse markers since they will help in the deeper understanding of the information distinguishing between the right and false information regarding the organization. The paper will examine phonetic transcription whereby real words from the interviewee will give a clear distinction between the previous and the current perception of the Freemasonry. It helps to give clear pronunciation of words by the speaker in order to be understood better. The following lines give the aspect of discourse, 01.15 01:0049 interviewee statements. Data Collecting Techniques There are different methods of collecting data in linguistics. They include participant-observation, interviews, introspection, written data and questionnaires. In the participant-observer, the researcher must be one of the native speakers of the language to apply this method of data collecting (Kontra, 2004). The method can be applicable to this research but, it cannot allow room for acquiring all the required information. Introspection is a method of data co

Extra Judicial Killing in Bangladesh

Extra Judicial Killing in Bangladesh How interesting it is that in Bangladesh the elite force named as Rapid Action Battalion [RAB] kills the arrested persons by the name of cross-fire and name them the criminals. Extra-judicial, thus the term is used to state the killings. It is called extra judicial because of its type, which works as a process outside the judiciary system of Bangladesh. Farid Ahmed in a non periodical web journal (2010), Such killings are often described in police reports as involving crime suspects who resisted arrests or attacked the police. Many of the victims, human rights groups charge, were killed while in police custody. But in their official statements, police said they were killed in the crossfire during violent incidents in prison facilities. The police were compelled to open fire at those attacking them, they said.  [1]   According to the Human Rights Watch (2006): One of the first publicized RAB killings was of the wanted criminal suspect Pichchi Hannan in Dhaka on August 6, 2004. This is when the era of extra judicial killing has started and still going on. Not only the RAB but also some other armed forces are involved in this kind of activity.  [2]   Whether extrajudicial killing is a myth or is it a reality is the main motive for me to conduct this research. A lot of people are being killed by the armed force, often named as elite force, but is it truly extra judicial killing or is the crossfire the reality, which one is true? We see a lot of incidents addressing the extra-judicial killings everyday when looking at the newspaper. Theres hardly any day with no crossfire news, and thus I think people should be clear about the extra judicial killing matter and to reveal the original fact as I conduct the research. My research will give a clear cut idea about the extra judicial killing and the scenario of our countrys perspective. However, it is often said by the authority and also by the political leaders that these so called extra-judicial killings are only the unfortunate deaths of the suspected criminals in the cross-fire. According to the Bangladesh Media article No extrajudicial executions carried out: RAB DG (2010): The director-general of the RAB, Hasan Mahmud Khandakar, addressing the media at the sixth anniversary of the elite law enforcement body in its headquarters on Sunday, told newsmen, A total of 622 suspected criminals were killed in by the RAB in crossfire across the country in the last six years, including 14 suspected criminals who were killed in the last three months. The RAB chief, however, claimed that no extra-judicial killing was carried out by the battalions personnel in the last six years.  [3]   The issue of extra-judicial killing is one of the big concerns for a country like Bangladesh where the chance of misuse of the theme, under the name of crossfire is highly possible for a 3rd world country like us. The concern of different human right organizations have argued about the extrajudicial killings and raised a lot of questions. My report will reveal whether the extra-judicial killing under the name of crossfire is true or just a myth. The History of Extra Judicial Killing As its name suggest, it is done outside the framework of the judiciary system of Bangladesh, which is the killings of a suspected criminal under the custody of the armed force, often using the term self protection or accusing the suspected criminal to escape; which is a violation of the rule of law. From the very beginning of Bangladeshs birth in 1971, different political parties used their political power to impetus the killings by the armed forces and used these forces in in violation of the law to consolidate power and maintain control. The continuous process started during the time period of BNP led govt. after forming coalition with three smaller parties: Jamaat-e-Islami (which won 4.3 percent), Jatiya Party-Naziur (1.1 percent), and Islamic Okye Jote (0.7 percent) in 0ctober, 2001. After taking power, to fulfill the one election agenda to fight against crime, and to tackle criticism from people, the govt. then deployed fourty thousand military personal to fight crime under the name of Operation Clean Heart. Thousands of people were arrested and at least 50 people were reported to be dead under their custody. Due to the failure of the operation, the government then decided to form an elite force group with a special unit of police with commando training called the Rapid Act ion Team, or RAT, which is now known as Rapid Action Battalion or RAB. As stated by the law, The main tasks of the RAB, according to the law, are to: Provide internal security Conduct intelligence into criminal activity Recover illegal arms Arrest criminals and members of armed gangs Assist other law enforcement agencies Investigate any offense as ordered by the government.  [4]   According to the Asian Human Rights Commission: The army killed 58 people in custody. See Asian Legal Resource Center and Asian Human Rights Commission, Lawless Law-enforcement the Parody of Judiciary in Bangladesh, August 2006.According to the Bangladesh NGO Forum for Secular Bangladesh, the army killed 53 people in custody and physically abused 7,000. See Forum for Secular Bangladesh, Violation of Human Rights by the Coalition Government of Bangladesh, September 2006.  [5]   However, the Operation Clean Heart did not succeed in bringing crime under adequate control, and vigilantism against so-called criminals continued. Hence the special police force proved unsuccessful in combating crime due to the lack of trained professionals, disorganization, and corruption in the force. Structuring from the experience from Operation Clean Heart, the government took steps to give the military a law enforcement role. Then, later on the RAB was created with the motto to fight criminals and reduce crime. According to a human rights lawyer: Critics complained that, rather than building a new crime-fighting force, the government should undertake efforts to reform law enforcement and the courts. Creating RAB, they feared, would undermine the police. With Operation Clean Heart in mind, some worried about using the military for civilian policing. They saw RAB as a way for the government to deploy the army for policing tasks, with one lawyer even calling it martial law in disguise. Other Facts Various human right watchdogs claimed that 1,142 victims have so far been slain in extrajudicial killings since 24 June, 2004 when the RAB began its journey by killing people in crossfire. Among the 1,142 victims, 149 were killed in 2004, 340 in 2005, 290 in 2006, 130 in 2007, 136 in 2008 and 97 in 2009. During the immediate-past emergency regime which continued for about two years, 322 people were killed in an extrajudicial manner. On the other hand, DG of RAB claimed that no extra-judicial killing is carried out but some criminals were caught in crossfire during the battle. He also claimed that 6,931 firearms have been seized by the RAB in the last six years 580 in 2004, 909 in 2005, 889 in 2006, 1,416 in 2007, 1,374 in 2008, 1,338 in 2009 and 425 in the last three months. The RAB arrested a total of 64,664 suspected criminals, after conducting drives throughout the country, on charges of various crimes including murder, kidnapping, extortion, tender manipulation, militancy and possession of illegal firearms. Of them 2569 in 2004, 4929 in 2005, 7277 in 2006, 13569 in 2007, 13378 in 2008, 16730 in 2009 and 4012 in last three months of 2010.  [6]   The attitude of people in law enforcement agencies has not changed, at least on the issue of extra judicial killings despite the judiciary ordering them to stop killing people under the guise of crossfire, encounter, and gunfight. Although much of such action has stopped, it is not a sustainable solution. But the decision has been hailed an eye-opener by many including human rights organizations. The High Court issued the suo motto order over extra judicial killings on November 17. It gave the government two weeks, initially, to explain why the killing of two brothers, Lutfor and Khairul Khalasi by law enforcement agencies in Madaripur on Nov.16 should not be declared extrajudicial. The government has yet to reply and the Attorney General has sought more time, presumably until the court resumes on January 3, 2010. During the year although there were some positive activities by the government, most sectors in the country were devoid of any human rights, the rule of law and good governance. Religious minorities were oppressed and press freedoms were violated almost every other day.  [7]   Only a few human rights organizations have long been asking the government to stop the killings, terming them extrajudicial. Moreover, the High Court of Bangladesh, on June 29, 2009, High Court of Bangladesh asked the government to explain why killing people without a trial, in the form of extrajudicial killings, is not being declared as illegal, and why measures are not being taken against the perpetrators. After this ruling, we still havent seen anything happen. However in recent times, after the Awami League came to power, many thought the Awami govt. will abolish the RAB. But, in march 2006, Seikh Hasina said, But we will not do so. Rather Rab will be given a special assignment to capture corrupt people.  [8]   Extrajudicial killings continue even in violation of the High Courts ruling. How can they continue? Its very alarming for human rights, democracy and the right to life. And why is the High Court silent regarding this gross human rights violation? Both governmental and nongovernmental sources have said that the death toll has reached 133 from such extrajudicial killings labeled as crossfire killings, encounter killings or gunfight killings by the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) and the police since Jan. 6, when the Awami League-led government assumed office. In Bangladesh, we have a so-called democracy, but there is no rule of law if we consider extra judicial killing. Every day sees more killings of citizens by the state machinery, killings which are both well-planned and covered up. However, RAB never said that its extrajudicial killing. In contrast, Rab Director General (DG) Hassan Mahmood Khandker recently stated that, A total of 633 persons were killed in encounters with its members while 750 RAB men were punished for their unlawful acts. Among the 750 punished RAB members, 350 were sacked while the rest 400 suffered imprisonment in different tenures. Also RAB intelligence personnel are only on duty to tackle the criminal activities.  [9]   However, on contrary, extrajudicial killing have been going on very rapidly of violating the highest court ruling order, the Constitution and the Universal Declaration by law enforcers. The term extrajudicial killing means execution without justice. This is a grave human rights violation. Its both a violation of Bangladeshs constitution and of the UNs Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  [10]  But these types of killings still occur frequently in Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh has been violating the constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights day after day since 2002 (including operation clean heart). In 2004, the BNP-Jamaat government made a decision about extrajudicial killings and formed the RAB. From March 26, 2004 until January 31, 2009, around 1,600 people (including 58 58 killed peoples in operation clean heart of 2002) have been killed without justice. The government of Bangladesh has sided with the extrajudicial killings. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has also said, in an indirect way, that extrajudicial killings will continue. She spoke clearly, upholding crossfire killings. What was said by our popular Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in New York is very unfortunate for the rule of law, democracy, the constitution, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as the people of Bangladesh. According to the Bdnews24.com, Sheikh Hasina talked with journalists in New York on Sept. 27, 2009. Referring to crossfire killings at the time, she said, I do not believe in extrajudicial killings. But if anyone launches an armed attack (against a law enforcer), then they shouldnt be allowed to kill them like sitting ducks.  [11]   Bangladeshs elite Rapid Action Battalion continues to engage in extrajudicial killings despite Supreme Court directives to halt it. Although the court is handling the issue of extrajudicial killings, RAB does not seem to be bothered either about the judiciary or the countrys laws. The assertions of responsible people in the present government are shocking. Home minister Sahara Khatun recently said that, there was no crossfire. It seems, either directly or indirectly, the home minister and other ministers are defending the perpetrators of such crossfire killings. Finally we can say that, in Bangladesh has no rule of law. We want to say that the reports of so-called crossfire killings, encounter killings or gunfight killings that are made by the RAB and the police are totally false. We believe that terrorism should never be combated or controlled through state killings. It is the establishment of the rule of law that is essential to control terrorism. Conclusion Finally we can say that, numerous killings are being carried out extra-judicially; the perpetrators remain above the law; and the victims have no recourse to protection or redress under the law. This represents a violation of Article 31 of the Constitution, which reads: To enjoy the protection of the law, and to be treated in accordance with law, and only in accordance with law, is the inalienable right of every citizen, wherever he may be, and of every other person for the time being within Bangladesh, and in particular no action detrimental to the life, liberty, body, reputation or property of any person shall be taken except in accordance with law.  [12]   However, beyond impunity, those responsible for such killings are being rewarded for their actions. Torture and the threat of extra-judicial killing are used by the police and the RAB to extract money from persons that they arrest. Furthermore, the RAB was even awarded the prized Independence Award to the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) on March 23, 2006, as part of Bangladeshs 35th Independence Day celebrations, for its activities. Therefore, it is revealed that this kind of activities by the RAB is clearly a false ideology to name the extrajudicial killing under the name of crossfire, is just only to eye wash the general public, and some day it may have negative effect on the society and country as a whole. So the govt. and the people of Bangladesh should raise its voice against it and it should be stopped soon.

My Hobby Essay

Vegetable gardening as my favorite hobby Deepa George WGU February 20, 2013 Vegetable gardening as my favorite hobby Hobby is an entertaining activity which provides pleasure and recreation. It is a way of escaping from the stress and the monotony of one’s daily round of duties. Therefore, hobby is essential for the proper enjoyment of life. My favorite hobby is vegetable gardening because it provides me sense of pride, peace, and relaxation, promote healthy life style and save money on groceries. You should start gardening as your hobby because it provides you relaxation, keeps you physically healthy, and save money on grocery bills. First of all, a vegetable garden is an easy and effective way to provide a sense of pride and relaxation. I am fortunate to have a spacious backyard for the gardening. I have vegetables and crops such as peas, lettuce, greens, cabbages, root crops, squash, beans, corn, melons, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, and herbs in my garden in different seasons. Research shows that gardening promotes mental health by relieving stress and promoting a sense of accomplishment. Spending some time in the garden ease stress, keep you limber and improve your mood. Vegetable gardening is a wonderful pastime the whole family can enjoy. Allowing children to be involved in the gardening help them to develop an understanding of nature, sense of responsibility, and pride. Kids are more likely to taste vegetables they grow themselves. My five year old son is proud about our vegetable garden. He helps us with watering the plants, caring for the crop and harvesting the produce. He was extremely reluctant to eat fruits and vegetables buying from the market, but now he does not want to miss anything coming from our garden. When your daughter Sara was in my house, she enjoyed peeking under leaves in search of ripe fruits and vegetables. Hence, I am sure that she will be so happy to have her own garden. Growing your own food, build a sense of pride and satisfaction. Watching a seed sprout in front of your eyes to become food on your plate is gratifying. The commitment for garden rewards you with a feeling that you have brought something to life. It is truly exciting to go to your backyard and get a juicy, ripened tomato for a salad. Now the weather is turning warm and favorable for planting. You should make a vegetable garden with your favorite vegetables like tomatoes, cucumbers and jalapeno peppers. The stores like Lowes, Home depot, and local seed stores have varieties of seeds with planting instructions. I will help you with picking out plants, preparing raised beds and containers, and fertilization of plants. I would like you to enjoy the sense of pride, accomplishment and relaxation by gardening which brings you close to nature. Secondly, planting vegetable gardening keeps you and your family healthy. It provides fresh fruits and vegetables right at your fingertips. Everybody is seriously concerned about the safety of the food available in the market. When you grow your own food carefully and organically, you do not have to worry about the contamination of the vegetables. When they grow in your backyard, you are not able to resist them, and their vitamin content will be at the highest level as you eat them straight from the garden. Thus, gardening is a simple and an easy way to promote good eating habits. Furthermore, gardening is a good outdoor exercise. Planting, weeding, watering, and harvesting require a lot of physical activity. Tending vegetable garden burns calories and uses muscles. Studies have shown that one can burn 200 to 500 calories per hour by working in the vegetable garden. The activities in the garden will give you sufficient physical exercise to keep you physically healthy and mentally alert. Finally, you will save money on groceries when you begin to stock your kitchen with fresh produce from backyard. It will help you to save money on gas you use to get to the store. To save money, you should plant smart and grow the food you like to eat. Make sure you grow a lot of vegetables that you use regularly. Since you like the salad, you should plant plenty of salad greens to save money. You can preserve the produce and enjoy the goodness of fruits and vegetables long after the harvest is over. There are four common ways to preserve foods: canning, freezing, drying, and pickling. Last year, I preserved beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrot and sweet corn and used for the rest of the year. You can share the extra vegetables with your friends, or sell in the fresh vegetable market. Every year I donate extra vegetables to a food pantry, and it helped me to take the tax deduction for non-cash distributions. You can save the seeds from the best produces, and use for next year. Gardening is an investment that offers a good return. For example, I have spent two dollar for one packet of green bean seeds. Once I cover the cost of soil, fertilizers, and water, I got a return of around seventy five dollars. I suggest you to start gardening as your hobby that produces positive economic return. Conclusively, vegetable gardening provides relaxation by getting a person outside and exposing to natural air. Planning a garden and caring for the garden help the person to stay healthy and save money. For all these reasons, I encourage you to choose vegetable gardening as your hobby.

Assessment in Special Education: Philippines Essay

The Status of Assessment of Children with Special Needs in the Philippines I. Assessment Processess Involved in Assessment a. tests b. measurement c. evaluation II. Assessment of Children with Disabilities in America History of Assessment Purposes of Assessment in Education a. regular education b. special education Process of Educational Assessment III. Assessment of Children with Disabilities in the Philippines Policies and Guidelines of Special Education Process of Educational Assessment Trends and Issues in Assessment. The Status of Assessment of Children with Special Needs in the Philippines Assessment is an indispensable process in the educational system, especially in educating children with disabilities. It is a process of obtaining information for decisions about students, curriculum and programs, decisions and on educational the of policies. of Moreover, goals this involves psychological assessment of children with relevance to making appropriateness instructional at and objectives, assigning management counselling. This process involves the use of tests, measurement, and evaluation. The instruments for the systematic procedure are called tests. These are used for observing and describing one or more characteristic of children using a numerical scale or classification scheme. Paper-and-pencil tests, teacher-made tests, standardized tests are among the other instruments used. The scores earned in correctly answered items provide the teacher the quantitative and objective information as to how much a student has learned. The procedure for assigning number or score to a specified attribute or characteristics is called measurement. Through this, the order of people in the group being measured is maintained. This measurement provides the value judgement of the student’s score or performance. This process of evaluation serves as the basis for decisions about the course of action to be followed. This gives an objective picture of the status of the child which could be done through either formative or summative evaluation. Formative evaluative involves a progressive monitoring on the quality of learning a child is gaining. Whereas summative teaching strategies, appropriate classification, placement opportunities and guidance and evaluation is done after a period of time which determines the quality or worth of materials a student has gained. Assessment encompasses testing, measurement, and evaluation; it is broader than all the process. However, measurement, in some cases, may not be utilized due to lack of tools. This may lead to subjectivity. Thus, it would require a deep knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative attributes to arrive at a sound assessment. Assessment in special education dated way back the Medieval Times when people with non-purposive behaviour are considered mentally-ill and were placed in asylum. Maria Montessori, an Italian doctor, once worked with people with this distress. She clarified that many of the cases in the asylum do not possess medical problems but pedagogical problems. Thus, they will benefit from instructional intervention. This was followed by the works of Itard and Seguine who designed a training program to improve visual, auditory and tactile senses. Their objective was to refine the senses. However, their study did not go on but was continued by Samuel Howe and Edward Seguine who then started an institution for children with mental retardation. In 1838, Esquirol wrote a book on mental deficiency who described the disability in a varying continuum. He explained further that the use of language is a dependable criterion to determine the individual’s level of intellect. John Locke illustrated further the difference between an insane an idiot. The insane talks too much and uses words incoherently while the idiot, on the other hand, when he talks has limited language. But they came to a realization that there is a need for a tool to identify the problems of children who are not learning at the same rate as their peers. During the late 1800s, Alfred Binnet proposed to French Ministry of Public Instruction that there is a need for a further study of children who  are failing in school and must not be dismissed. So, the need for special instruction was identified. He, together with Theodore Simon developed a tool with 30 items with ascending order of difficulty during the early 1900s. It has a wide variety of function with emphasis on judgement, comprehension, and reasoning which are the components of intelligence. This was called Simon-Binnet Test. However, there are still glitches on the use of this tool because most items are verbal and scoring procedure is not available. The second version of the tool added more items and removed unsatisfactory items. Accordingly, test items are grouped according to age level. Scoring was also established by interpreting it through mental level. The third version was done in 1911. There were some minor revision and repositioning of items according to level of difficulty. The tool was brought to America and was studied further in Standford University by Lewis Therman. It was normed and standardized resulting to its name these days as StanfordBinnet Intelligence Test. However between1920-1950, the prominent tests used to assess children with disabilities are projective tests and personality tests. Unfortunately, it did not gain much fame because of its lack of objectivity. After a century, there was an increase in the use of standardized test on perception. This was influenced by Samuel Kirk’s definition of exceptional children. Intelligence tests during that time focused on perceptual-motor senses. Usually, these tests are accompanied by programs. However, it has not improved the performance of children with difficulty. In the 1970s, Behavioral Model was the trend. It emphasized on observation procedures. In this model, evaluation and value judgement became their basis for instruction. However, children with disabilities do not progress despite the use of standardized tests in assessing; thus, it must not be the sole tool to be used in assessment. There must be a balance between the use of formal and informal models. Accordingly, assessment tools must correspond to the assessment objective. Madeline Will, between the mid-1980 – early 1990s, brought up the idea that children in the regular classroom must not remain difficult but must receive a special instruction. She underscored that assessment is a shared responsibility of the general education teacher and the special education teacher. It must start with pre-referral assessment and pre-referral intervention. This is the core idea of today’s Regular Education Incentive (REI) in America. In the new millennium, functional-behavioural assessment became the support of REI. Among other purposes, this evaluates student’s behaviour within environmental context that can contribute to an intervention plan. A balance between formal and informal assessment procedure was observed. Generally, assessment helps teachers make decisions about the curriculum and make educational programs for the child. But assessment in special education is more focused on individual student. It aims to screen and identify the seriousness of the problem; identify and determine the current level of academic performance and educational need of the child in terms of academic area and strengths and weaknesses; determine eligibility in special programs; make decisions about placement in different programs taking into consideration the least restrictive environment (LRE);evaluate teaching program and strategies designed for the child; develop an individualized educational plan (IEP); and monitor and document student’s progress pertinent to the target goals. Assessment in America is guided by the principles present in PL 94-142 Education for all Handicapped. According to this public law, all children must be given free appropriate public education (FAPE) or the zero-reject principle; it stresses the avoidance of discrimination in the assessment procedure used; an IEP must be carefully planned containing important details; an educational setting must be least restrictive for the child to move; each child deserves fairness and accountability of professionals and parents who makes decisions on his assessment; parents would have to know the honest objective of the test. The process of educational assessment in America follows three stages: pre-referral, referral and IEP development and educational placement. Due to Madeline Will’s initiative, pre-referral stage has been a MUST in the assessment process in America. This process is inexpensive. This is divided into two sub-stages, general screening and problem identification. During the first sub-stage, the teacher initiates the data gathering on the learning problems the child encounters which makes the child significantly different compared to his peers. This entails the use of short tests (individual or group) which is broadly focused on all areas of development or on a specific subject area. From the data, the teacher will identify the child’s difficulty and determine what she will address. Here comes the pre-referral intervention plan of the teacher. Progress must be assessed after a certain period of time to determine whether the chid needs to continue the plan with some additions or refer the child to a professional. During the referral stage, a comprehensive assessment is planned through referral to the special education team (SPED team). The team will evaluate the intervention plan used and will make some revision to make assessment more formative. However, if a child do not progress in this stage, he/she will be then referred to the multidisciplinary/ transdisciplinary team who will conduct further study and prepare comprehensive and integrated assessment report reflecting important findings. The report will be translated in an IEP. The IEP serves as the framework in which the child will benefit. A special education teacher must implement this. Progress monitoring and evaluation must be done to give feedback to students and teachers. This must be carefully evaluated at the end of the year so that revisions will be made. Truly, the assessment procedure in America gave an impact to the Philippines’ special education system. In fact, the Philippine constitution and Magna Carta for Disabled Person of 1992 guided the formulation of policies and guidelines in special education in the Philippines. Article XIV, Section 1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states, â€Å"The state shall promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. † Magna Carta likewise provides that the State shall ensure that disabled person are provided with adequate access to quality education and ample opportunities to develop their skills; take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all disabled person; and take into consideration the special requirements of disabled persons in the formulation of education policies and programs. As stated in Article 3: Identification, Screening, Assessment and Evaluation of Children, identification and assessment of every child shall be conducted as early as possible and shall be conducted by the school and the community utilizing appropriate assessment instruments. The team shall be composed of persons with working knowledge and understanding of special children such as parents, guardians, neighbours, friends, teachers, guidance counsellors, health workers, social workers and others. Aspects to be covered in the identification, screening, assessment and education of children shall cover the following aspects: physical (height, weight, physical deformities, gross and fine motor coordination, hearing, visual acuity, oral hygiene and dental development), psycho-social (family history, personality, bahavior) and educational (learning disabilities, language and speech, medical). As mentioned, appropriate instruments shall be developed or adopted in order to identify handicapping condition as  early as possible; it must be on-going; and the synthesis of identification shall be the basis for the appropriate educational placement for the child with special needs. In a paper presented to the Department of Social Welfare and Development in 2010, it highlighted three (3) phases of assessment in the Philippines: sensing the special need, assessment, intervention. In the first phase, the people involved are the parents, family, siblings, caregiver, teachers, family doctor, the pediatrician and the child. It takes into consideration the impressions, comparisons, reports and complaints, initial assessment and school performance of the child. In the second phase, the diagnosis of the difficulty is given by a medical specialist. Through which, special needs of the child are identified. The child will be then referred to a multidisciplinary team where they consolidate their diagnosis. The multidisciplinary team may include developmental paediatrician, occupational therapist, speech therapist, physical therapist, reading specialist, educational therapist and music therapist. Intervention of the difficulty start with the formulation of the Individualized Intervention Program (IIP) which is carefully planned by the teacher from the diagnosis under the guidance of case consultants, area specialists, school administrator, psychologist and the parents. The third phase is a continuous process of implementing, monitoring, and re-formulating IIP until such time when the child is able to manage himself and achieve the objectives formulated. However, the country is still at its process in polishing these ideals to conform with the emerging needs of children with special needs. Maria Melisa Rossana C. Sta. Ana, in her article written in 2006 entitled â€Å"Education of Children with Multiple Disabilities in the Philippines,† highlighted that though the school curriculum is established, there are still major concerns for the preparation of educational programs and support for children with multiple disability like the lack of available culture-based assessment tools in evaluating students with multiple disabilities. On another note, she points out that many Filipino parents of children with disability cannot see the importance of sending their child to school due to poverty and negative stereotypes. This gave light to a number of children with disabilities in the Philippines who do not receive proper education support that they need. On another light, there are private schools and foundations catering to children with special needs. One of which is Cupertino Center for Special Education. Their approach to assessment is done through a clinical team approach, special education teachers, occupation and speech therapists and psychologists. Another school which accepts children with special needs is O. B. Montessori Center Inc. (OBMCI). Children with special needs are admitted to OBMCI thru its guidance program where children are identified accordingly (Sta, Ana, 2010). The school gives importance on the professional diagnostic assessment which was made prior to enrolment of assessment to identify the child’s sensory potential, identify the individual needs and development of the individual educational program. This will help determine the child’s strength and limitation which will eventually influence his/her educational program. Filipino parents have very little choice with regard to the education of their special children in the Philippines, especially families in the marginal sector. However, through proper implementation of policies and endeavours in the field of special education, the special education system in the country will progress and each child with disability will receive appropriate education. References: Sta. Ana, M. (2010). Education of children with multiple disabilities in the Philippines. Retrieved February 8,2013 from http://staana. blogspot. com/multipledisabilities Inciong, T. (2005). The development of welfare and education for children with mental retardation towards inclusion: The Philippine experience. Paper Presentation. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. deped. gov. ph/regioniva/paper/inciongt Learn more about special education. (2010). PowerPoint Presentation. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. slideshare. net/sped/learmoreaboutspedsept19-100920211910phpqapp1 Madrid, M. (2012). A PowerPoint Presentation: Policies and guidelines of special education in the Philippines. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. slideshare. net/m_apostol_madrid_s/policies-120427023552phpapp1.